英语原文共 116 页，剩余内容已隐藏，支付完成后下载完整资料
On Friday, 30 August 1985, at ten orsquo;clock at night in the Place des Innocents near the Forum des Halles, Paris, after a drug dealer is questioned by police, suddenly there is a riot. Close to three hundred people come to the dealerrsquo;s aid, attacking the police and smashing shop windows. It takes nearly an hour to reestablish calm.
1985年8月30日，星期五，晚上10点的时候，在巴黎的forum des Helles附近的Place des Innocents，一个吸毒者被警察盘问了很久之后，突然这里爆发了一场骚乱。近300人前来帮助这位瘾君子，他们袭击警察并且砸烂商店橱窗。这场暴动持续了近一个小时才被平息。
On Monday, 2 September, at the Marseilles housing project La Paternelle, a similar situation is sparked by the killing of a gang member. Following armed robbery and a car chase that ends in a shootout between the robbers and the police, kids from the project side with the gang and harass the state security police who have been called in as reinforcements. The area has to be sealed off for the entire night.
9月2日，周一，在La Paternelle的Marseilles 住房项目，同样的情形由一个团伙的杀戮引起。这个事件之后又发生了一起武装抢劫和一场汽车追逐，并且以警察和抢劫犯之间的交火结束。来自住房项目的带着枪并且扰乱州保安警察的孩子们被当做抢劫犯的援军传召。这片地区在当晚被封锁起来。
The following Monday, 9 September, in Birmingham, there is a night of rioting in Handsworth after a motorist is ticketed for a traffic violation. In Lozells Road dozens of shops are devastated, a church destroyed, a post office burned down, three people killed and about thirty injured. “Worse than Brixton in 1981!” certain witnesses claim.
接下来的9月9日，周一，在伯明翰的Handsworth，当一个摩托驾驶者以扰乱公共交通秩序为由处以罚单后，也爆发了一场晚间骚乱。在Lozells路，数十家商店被损毁，一所教堂被摧毁，一个警察站被烧毁。三人被杀，近30人受伤。“比1982年的Brixton还要惨！”目击者声称。
One thing these events, distant in space but so very close in time, have in common is their characteristic suddenness, their unpredictability as outbreaks of violence, as well as the flimsiness of the apparent causes; a flimsiness that will lead initial analysts, as usual, to look for deeper, more conventional causes, sociologically speaking, such as unemployment, racism, drugs . . . and to refuse to pay any attention or give credence to the suddenness, the extreme swiftness of the felonies committed, or the temporal convergence of these summer acts of violence, even though certain Jamaican rioters declared: “Soweto, Handsworth, itrsquo;s all the same struggle!”
很巧合的是，这些事件虽然发生的地点相距很远，但是发生时间却很接近。它们都有一个共同点—偶然性，这种不可预知的突然暴动和脆弱性很自然地引导着分析学者区探寻更深层次的一般性起因，从社会学的角度来说有例如失业、种族歧视、嗑药等原因，以及拒绝关注或者相信突发事件。这种极端犯罪的机动性，或者暂时的对暴动的深信不疑，尽管牙买即抢劫犯声称：“Soweto，Handsworth都是同样的斗争！”
What is the analogy here? Can one compare Paris to Marseilles, Marseilles to Birmingham? Or again, this last city to Soweto? Can one in all decency associate South Africarsquo;s apartheid with the way immigrants are treated in Britainrsquo;s industrial agglomerations? Surely not. Despite unemployment and the gravity of the economic crisis, there is no question of race being central. The analogy lies elsewhere, probably in the impact of events in South Africa, a televisual impact that turns Birmingham into a suburb of Soweto. Indeed, this proximity in time explains, better than any well-meaning argument, the quasi-simultaneity of the summerrsquo;s events.
After more than two months of witnessing live the necessary revolt of the ghettos and the homelands, after sharing week after week in the funerals of the victims of Botharsquo;s police, immigrants feel an identification as immediate as the broadcast of the facts, no matter what their race or the conditions of their existence.
在两个多月的对犹太人聚居地和家乡的必然反抗的目击之后，在连续数星期出席博萨被害警察的葬礼之后，移民意识到一种作为事件及时播报的身份，不管他们的种族或者传统是什么。
The suddenness of the acts of violence in Lozells Road thus has nothing to do with their apparent causes; it results in particular from the extreme state of tension among the most receptive local groups—the idle young or kids on school vacation— who find their true motivation in what is happening thousands of kilometers away during this summer of rsquo;85.
这种在Lozells路的暴动的突发性和它的表面上的起因没有关系。特别是它产生于具备接纳性的当地民众之间极端的紧张状态—这些放假在家的无所事事的年轻人或小孩，他们在1985年的夏天发生在千里之外的事件中发现发生了自己的真实动机。
The economic decline of Great Britain, by making daily life less appealing for immigrants, shifts their interest to the beyond, the elsewhere. Since in Handsworth, as in Toxteth or Brixton, there is no foreseeable future, elsewhere begins here, Soweto is here! Whence the sudden and unpredictable wave of social violence.
大英帝国的经济衰落使得移民者对日常生活失去了兴趣，并且把他们的兴趣转移到了别处。因为在Handweorth，像Toxteth或者Brixton，人们在这些地方看不到未来。那突然的和不可预知的社会暴力浪潮。
Is it really a matter of revolt, of changing the life, the city of Birmingham? Not really, since it is less a matter of solidarity with onersquo;s peers, onersquo;s immediate neighbors, than of being associated vicariously through television with the revolt in the South African antipodes.
伯明翰的生活改变真的是一种反抗吗？事实并非如此，因为这不是一种同党间的团结，个体及时的联合，而是一种通过电视荧幕产生来自南非反抗的可替代的联合。
As long as we fail to grasp this long-distance interference, this media instantaneity independent of geographic distance, we cannot understand contemporary urban events.
只要我们不能够理解这种远距离的干涉，这种独立于地理隔离的媒体即时的影响力，我们就不能理解暂时的城市事件。
Alongside the territorial town, in fact, there now exists a media nebula whose reality goes well beyond the frontiers of the ghettos, the limits of metropolitan agglomerations. The megalopolis is not Mexico City or Cairo or Calcutta, with their tens of millions of inhabitants, but this sudden temporal convergence that unites actors and televiewers from the remotest regions, the most disparate nations, the moment a significant event occurs here or there.
事实上，沿着这个平原上的小镇，存在着一种媒体的笼罩，它的真实性远远超出了犹太人聚居区的边界，这种大城市聚集的边界。这种大城市不是拥有上千万的居民的墨西哥城、开罗或者加尔各答，但是这种暂时的融合联系起了遥远的民族，这种重大事件发生在任何地方。
If the earlier town, with its well-defined and legible land registry, could be administered in a relatively predictable way, the latest city has no chance of being so; it belongs wholly to the age of the random development and thus escapes what was hitherto known as “territorial administration.” All the clamoring for local autonomy or independence signals this precarious situation, which go
全文共27397字，剩余内容已隐藏，支付完成后下载完整资料
资料编号：[14394]，资料为PDF文档或Word文档，PDF文档可免费转换为Word
以上是毕业论文外文翻译，课题毕业论文、任务书、文献综述、开题报告、程序设计、图纸设计等资料可联系客服协助查找。
