Brief introduction of Virtual reality and Prospect of Industry Development
I. introduction to virtual reality
Virtual reality is a new technology that has emerged in recent years, also known as the technology of spiritual realm or artificial environment. Virtual reality is the use of computer simulation to create a three-dimensional virtual world to provide users with vision. Sensory simulation, such as hearing and tactile, allows users to observe things in three dimensions in a timely and unlimited manner.
VR is a comprehensive integration technology, involving computer graphics, human-computer interaction technology, sensing technology, artificial intelligence and other fields, it uses computers to generate realistic three-dimensional vision, hearing, smell and other senses, so that people as participants through appropriate devices, Naturally experience and interaction with the virtual world. When the user moves in a position, the computer can immediately perform complex operations to send back accurate 3D world images to produce a sense of presence. The technology integrates computer graphics and CGs technology. The latest development of computer simulation technology, artificial intelligence, sensing technology, display technology, network parallel processing and other technologies, is a kind of Computer aided high-tech simulation system.
To sum up, virtual reality is a new way for people to visualize and interact complex data through computer. Compared with traditional man-machine interface and popular window operation, virtual reality has made a qualitative leap in technology.
'reality' in virtual reality refers generally to anything or environment that exists in the world in a physical or functional sense, and it can be practically achievable. 'Virtual' means computer generated. Therefore, virtual reality is a special environment generated by computer. People can 'project' themselves into the environment by using various special devices, operate and control the environment, and achieve a special purpose, that is, man is the master of this environment.
II . Virtual reality classification
Industry profile:
The relationship between supply and demand is a prerequisite for the rapid development of an industry. At present, the market demand is very large, but the supply side is slightly inadequate. Especially, there are not many enterprises with core intellectual property rights and excellent quality of patented products and services. The lack of brand effect in the industry as a whole. In the period of strong demand, there is no doubt that the demand of the industry is huge and the prospects for development are good. However, how to maintain the healthy, stable and sustainable development of the industry requires the joint efforts of the enterprises in the industry. In particular, it is necessary to give play to the research and development spirit of eating wool and faulting, further improve the research and development skills, reduce the cost, truly solve the actual difficulties of customers, strictly control the quality, and provide the most effective Products and services by including more attention. At present, Beijing proud only edge technology Co. Ltd. Road: (AR, VR, augmented reality, virtual reality, multi touch, multi touch, cloud technology, cloud, cloud wisdom, digital sand table, electronic sand table, digital city, digital city, digital community. Smart city, digital Internet City, real estate, virtual tourism, digital tourism, vehicle simulation, military simulation, multimedia sandbox, interactive sandbox, digital home, digital agriculture, digital earth, digital campus geographic information system for city information, Ipad sales, edge fusion, 3D digital simulation, holographic technology, digital model, ring screen projection, virtual building, antiquities restoration, exhibits restoration, electronic book translation, virtual simulation, architectural animation, 3D graphics, enterprise propaganda film, simulation technology, stereoscopic projection, Video Animation, nonlinear Editing, computer Animation, Digital Media, Virtual Manufacturing, Visual Simulation, artificial Intelligence, Virtual World, Product Animation, Virtual Community, Enhancement reality, body sense Games, body sense Mobile phone, somatic Kinematics, Somatosensory technology, somatosensory control, digital interactive media, human-computer interaction, etc.)
III. Forms of spatial information visualization
Maps are the most important and oldest form of visualization of spatial information. On computers, spatial information is represented by graphics and text. This is a relatively simple and common form of spatial information visualization, which can be said to be a one-dimensional form, the emergence and development of multimedia technology. Make the spatial information visualization enter a brand-new period. The form of visualization is also colorful, presents the multidimensional situation, and is developing. Now the main forms of spatial information visualization are introduced below:
1, Map: it comes in two forms: a paper or other medium map and an electronic map on the screen. Due to the development of computer technology, these two forms are only the differences between hard and soft copies of the digital map on the computer. The hard copy is the paper map. Soft copy-the electronic map on the screen has more advantages than the former: its flexible production, extremely diverse forms, easy to modify and make, short period, rich color, strong dynamic, easy to query, So that people can observe the spatial object information from different heights, different ways, different angles and different levels of detail;
2. Multimedia Geoscience Information: synthesizing, graphically representing the use of spatial information, text, tables, sounds, images, graphics, animation, audio, video, all kinds of formal logical join into a
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虚拟现实简介及行业发展前景
一、虚拟现实简介
虚拟现实技术是近年来出现的高新技术,也称灵境技术或人工环境。虚拟现实是利用电脑模拟产生一个三维空间的虚拟世界,提供使用者有关于视觉、听觉、触觉等感官的模拟,让使用者如同身历其境一般,可以及时、没有限制地观察三维空间内的事物。
虚拟现实技术是一项集计算机图形学、人机交互技术、传感技术、人工智能等领域为一体的综合性技术,它用计算机生成逼真的三维视觉、听觉、嗅觉等感觉,使人作为参与者通过适当装置,自然地对虚拟世界进行体验和交互作用。使用者进行位置移动时,电脑可以立即进行复杂的运算,将精确的3D世界影像传回产生临场感。该技术集成了计算机图形(CG)技术、计算机仿真技术、人工智能、传感技术、显示技术、网络并行处理等技术的最新发展成果,是一种由计算机技术辅助生成的高技术模拟系统。
总而言之,虚拟现实是人们通过计算机对复杂数据进行可视化操作与交互的一种全新方式,与传统的人机界面以及流行的视窗操作相比,虚拟现实在技术思想上有了质的飞跃。
虚拟现实中的现实是泛指在物理意义上或功能意义上存在于世界上的任何事物或环境,它可以是实际上可实现的,也可以是实际上难以实现的或根本无法实现的。而虚拟是指用计算机生成的意思。因此,虚拟现实是指用计算机生成的一种特殊环境,人可以通过使用各种特殊装置将自己投射到这个环境中,并操作、控制环境,实现特定的目的,即人是这种环境的主人。
二、虚拟现实分类
行业概况:
供求关系是一个行业能否可以快速发展的前提。目前来看,市场需求是很大的,而供应方面却略显不足,尤其是拥有核心知识产权,专利产品及服务质量过硬的企业并不多,行业整体缺乏品牌效应。在需求旺盛的阶段,行业需求巨大,发展前景好,这是毋庸置疑的。但如何保持行业的健康,稳定且可持续发展,需要业内企业的共同努力,尤其需要发挥精益求精的研发精神,进一步提高研发技艺,降低成本,真正解决客户的实际困难,严把质量关卡,提供最可靠的产品及服务。当前,北京某科技有限公司比较关注的领域包括:AR增强现实、VR虚拟现实、多点触摸、多点触控、云技术、云端、云智慧、数字沙盘、电子沙盘、数字城市、数字社区、数码城市、智慧城市、互联网城市、数字地产、虚拟旅游、数字旅游、汽车仿真、军事仿真、多媒体沙盘、互动沙盘、数字家庭、数字农业、数字地球、数字校园、地理信息系统、城市作息化、Ipad售楼、边缘融合、三维数字仿真、全息技术、数字模型、环幕投影、虚拟楼盘、文物古物复原、展品复原、电子翻书、虚拟仿真、建筑动画、三维图形、企业宣传片、仿真技术、立体投影、影视动画、非线性编辑、电脑动画、数字媒体、虚拟制造、视景仿真、人工智能、虚拟世界、产品动画、虚拟社区、增强实境、体感游戏、体感手机、体感运动机、体感技术、体感控制、数字互动媒体、人机交互等。
三、空间信息可视化的形式: 地图是空间信息可视化的最主要的形式,也是最古老的形式。在计算机上,将空间信息用图形和文本表示,是在计算机图形学出现的同时也就出现了。这是空间信息可视化的较为简单而常用的形式,可以说是一种一维形式,多媒体技术的产生和发展,使空间信息可视化进入一个崭新的时期。可视化的形式也五彩缤纷,呈现多维化的局面,并且在不断发展,现把空间信息可视化的主要形式介绍如下: 1.地图:它有两种形式:纸质或其它媒介地图及屏幕上的电子地图。由于计算机技术的发展,这两种形式仅是计算机上数字地图的硬拷贝和软拷贝的差别。硬拷贝的是纸质地图,软拷贝--屏幕上的电子地图比前者具有更多的优点:其制作灵活,形式极其多样,修改制作方便,周期短,色彩丰富,动态性强,查询方便、快捷。从而使人们能从不同的高度、不同的方式、不同的角度和不同的详细程度来观察空间对象的信息; 2.多媒体地理学信息:综合、形象地表现空间信息并使用文本、表格、声音、图像、图形、动画、音频、视频各种形式逻辑地联接起来并集成为一个整体概念,是空间信息可视化的重要形式。各种多媒体形式能够形象、真实地表示空间信息的某些特定方面,作为全面地表现空间信息所不可缺少的手段。 3.三维仿真地图:三维仿真地图是基于三维仿真和计算机三维真实图形技术而产生的三维地图,通过模拟的形状、光照、纹理等,可以进行各种三维的测量和分析。 4.虚拟现实:虚拟现实是将空间信息可视化进一步研究和发展的新方式。它是由计算机和其它设备如头盔、数据手套等组成的高级人--机交互系统,以视觉为主,也结合听觉、触觉、嗅觉甚至味觉来感知的环境,使人们有如进入真实的地理空间环境之中并与之进行互动。 四、地理学可视化的类型 GIS的多维可视化是指采用2.5维、3维和4维等地图表现形式反映地理实体的多维特征,包括:地图可视化 GIS可视化 专业应用领域可视化 1、地图可视化类型:
虚拟地图:是指在计算机屏幕上生成的地图。
动态地图:由于地理学数据存储于计算机内存,可以动态显示地理学数据的不同角度的观察结果,不同方法的表示结果,或者随时间的变化结果。
交互交融地图:是指人可与地图进行相互作用和信息交流。交互即相互展示行为的变化,交融即投入感和沉浸感。
超地图:多媒体地图。是与超文本概念对应的,地理可视化的范围大于地图可视化的范围。
2、GIS可视化:
主要指的是真实的三维的可视化、动态可视化等。
3、专业可视化:
主要指的是专业应用领域的计算、模拟和结果在GIS支持下的可视化显示。
4、VR-GIS(虚拟地理信息系统)
虚拟现实技术和GIS技术的结合。对于GIS系统来说,目前还不需要数字头盔、数据手套、数字外衣等设备,它使用虚拟现实建模语言(VRML)技术,实现了GIS可视化的技术。是虚拟现实技术和GIS技术结合的产物。主要是充实GIS可视化的技术内容。
五、虚拟现实技术简介
虚拟现实技术:又称灵境技术。是指通过数字头盔、数据手套、数字外衣,以及三维立体显示器、三维鼠标、立体声耳机等使人能完全沉浸在计算机所生成创造的一种特殊的三维图形环境中,并且人可以操作三维图形环境,以实现特定的目的。
虚拟现实技术是计算机硬件、软件、传感、人工智能、心理学及地理科学发展的结晶。它是通过计算机生成一个逼真的环境世界,人可以与此虚拟的现实环境进行交互的技术。
从本质上讲,虚拟现实技术是一种崭新的人机交互界面,是物理现实的仿真模拟。它的出现彻底改变了用户和系统的交互方式,创造了一种完全令人信服的幻想式环境,人们不但可以进入计算机所产生的虚拟世界,而且可以通过视觉、听觉、触觉,甚至嗅觉和味觉多维地与该世界沟通。这是一种具有重大意义和潜力的技术,而且正在迅速的发展之中。
1、VR硬件:VR的硬件目前尚未定形,主要有以下几种:
- 图像生成器:它的作用是快速进行图形运算;
-
操纵和控制设备:
①实现位置跟踪和控制的鼠标装置,跟踪球和游戏杆;②其手指部分装有传感器的数据手套;③数据紧身衣;④最新的操纵是通过眼睛和思维操纵,这是通过测定神经系统中的微小电流来操作的; (3)位置跟踪装置:①机械装甲:提供快速准确的跟踪;②超声波传感器;③光学位置跟踪器;④惯性跟踪器; (4)立体视见装置:
通过采用偏光眼镜或屏幕分割或立体镜产生图像的左右视差等手段来生成立体视觉效果。 (5)头盔:生成立体图像或二维地图。
2、VR的硬件级别
1.初级VR:是以PC机或低档工作站作为硬件基础;2.基本VR:是在初级VR上,增加立体观察器,3D或6D鼠标或游戏杆和数据手套等;3.高级VR:是在上述基础上增加图像加速器,帧缓存等,对于PC机则是必须增加3D加速卡和3D音卡;4.沉浸式VR:其中必须增加沉浸显示装置,如多个大型投影式显示器,还可以增加触
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