Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
ScienceDirect
Procedia Engineering 145 (2016) 1291 – 1297
International Conference on Sustainable Design, Engineering and Construction
可持续设计，工程与建筑国际会议
Analysis of costs and benefits of panelized and modular prefabricated homes
模板模块化预制装配式房屋的成本收益
Diana Lopeza,*, Thomas M Froesea
aDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2002-6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 1Z4
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the costs and benefits of the two main construction methods in the prefabricated homes category: panelized and modular. The main goal is to provide a framework of the implications and tradeoffs of both construction methods for single family homes, as well as determine which is more cost effective. The methodology consists of a qualitative analysis that includes the overview of the benefits of each construction method over the other, and quantitative analysis which compares the cost of the finished homes per square foot to determine which one is more cost effective. Both analyses are conducted by evaluating two case studies of single family homes with similar characteristics, one built with panels and the other with modules. The benefits identified for panelized homes have to do with transportation, equipment and machinery, and insulation technology; on the other hand, the benefits for modular homes are related to quality control, on-site work and trades. The quantitative results showed that the modular construction method is only marginally more cost effective than the panelized construction method under the given circumstances. As a second part of the quantitative analysis, the panel case study was calculated as if it would be built with modules, and the results of both analyses were consistent, but both with the same limitations. Through the proposed method, it is possible to evaluate the cost effectiveness of the two construction methods for single family prefabricated home projects which could serve as a valuable tool for decision making.
copy; 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Peer-review under responsibility of organizing committee of the International Conference on Sustainable Design, Engineering and Construction 2015.
copy; 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICSDEC 2016
Keywords: prefabricated homes; panelized; modular; cost effectiveness; benefits framework.
摘要
这个研究对预制装配式房屋类别的两种主要建造方法（模板和模块化）做了成本和收益的综合分析。其主要目标是为单一的家庭住宅提供一个有效的框架并且权衡两种建筑方法，以确定哪个更具成本效益。该方法包含一个有关每个施工方法优势的定性分析,和一个比较每平方英尺的成品成本的定量分析，去分辨哪一个更具成本效益。通过评价带着相同特征的两所
* Corresponding author. Tel.: 1-778-709-0121.
E-mail address: diana.lopezbehar@gmail.com
1877-7058 copy; 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICSDEC 2016
doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.04.166
Introduction
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the prefabricated homes industry from both investors and buyers, and it is quickly becoming a new standard in home building [1]. Prefabricated homes offer a number of attractive advantages compared to the traditional on-site construction method such as substantial reduction of construction time, higher quality control, and potential cost savings [2].
But just as traditional construction has several construction methods, the prefabricated homes category encompasses two main construction methods: panelized and modular. Modular housing is defined as “housing that is partially built in a plant, shipped to a development site, and placed on a foundation, where the roof structure and exterior finishes are completed” [2]. Panelized hosing is a similar construction technique that utilizes wall panels manufactured in a controlled environment, shipped to the construction site and installed on the prepared foundation [1].
The fundamental difference between the two is the prefabricated unit, which for the first are structural panels and for the second are complete box-like modules including the roof structure and exterior finishes and which sometimes represent the homersquo;s functional units [3,4]. Both systems have implications that make them valuable alternatives to traditional construction, but the question of how to know which one to choose or which one is more suitable for a specific project still exist.
This paper seeks to answer the question: what prefabricated construction method is more cost effective, panelized or modular? Thus, the main goal of this study is to provide a framework of the implications of panelized and modular houses, as well as a comprehensive analysis of the costs and benefits of each construction method for a single family home, to determine which is more cost effective and what are the tradeoffs when choosing the most cost effective of the two.
Methodology and Case Studies
-
- Methodology
This paper performs both a quantitative and qualitative analysis in the matter of comparing the two construction methods of prefabricated homes: panelized and modular. The qualitative analysis con
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Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
ScienceDirect
Procedia Engineering 145 (2016) 1291 – 1297
International Conference on Sustainable Design, Engineering and Construction
可持续设计，工程建设国际会议
Analysis of costs and benefits of panelized and modular prefabricated homes
预制模板预制模块装配式房屋的成本收益分析
Diana Lopeza,*, Thomas M Froesea
aDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2002-6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 1Z4
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the costs and benefits of the two main construction methods in the prefabricated homes category: panelized and modular. The main goal is to provide a framework of the implications and tradeoffs of both construction methods for single family homes, as well as determine which is more cost effective. The methodology consists of a qualitative analysis that includes the overview of the benefits of each construction method over the other, and quantitative analysis which compares the cost of the finished homes per square foot to determine which one is more cost effective. Both analyses are conducted by evaluating two case studies of single family homes with similar characteristics, one built with panels and the other with modules. The benefits identified for panelized homes have to do with transportation, equipment and machinery, and insulation technology; on the other hand, the benefits for modular homes are related to quality control, on-site work and trades. The quantitative results showed that the modular construction method is only marginally more cost effective than the panelized construction method under the given circumstances. As a second part of the quantitative analysis, the panel case study was calculated as if it would be built with modules, and the results of both analyses were consistent, but both with the same limitations. Through the proposed method, it is possible to evaluate the cost effectiveness of the two construction methods for single family prefabricated home projects which could serve as a valuable tool for decision making.
copy; 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Peer-review under responsibility of organizing committee of the International Conference on Sustainable Design, Engineering and Construction 2015.
copy; 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICSDEC 2016
Keywords: prefabricated homes; panelized; modular; cost effectiveness; benefits framework.
摘要
这个研究对预制装配式房屋类别的两种主要建造方法（预制墙体和预制模块）做了成本和收益的综合分析。其主要目标是为独户住宅提供一个有效的框架并且权衡两种建筑方法，以确定哪个更具成本效益。研究方法包含对每个施工方法优势的定性分析,和一个比较每平方英尺的成品成本的定量分析，来确定哪一个更具成本效益。通过评价对带着相同特征的两所独户住宅（一个采用预制墙体，一个采用预制模块建筑）的研究，得出两种分析。对于预制墙装配式建筑，在运输，装备，机械和隔热技术方面有优势；另一方面，对于预制模块装配式建筑，在质量管理，现场作业和交易方面有优势。定量分析结果表明，在给定的情形下，预制模块施工方法成本仅略优于预制墙体施工方法。第二部分的定量分析表明，相同的限制条件下，如果预制模块建造预制墙装配式建筑，计算得出两种分析的结果是一致的。通过所提出的方法，评价这两种针对独户预制装配式住宅的建筑方法的成本效益是合理的，可以作为一个有价值的决策工具。
* Corresponding author. Tel.: 1-778-709-0121.
E-mail address: diana.lopezbehar@gmail.com
1877-7058 copy; 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICSDEC 2016
doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.04.166
Introduction
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the prefabricated homes industry from both investors and buyers, and it is quickly becoming a new standard in home building [1]. Prefabricated homes offer a number of attractive advantages compared to the traditional on-site construction method such as substantial reduction of construction time, higher quality control, and potential cost savings [2].
But just as traditional construction has several construction methods, the prefabricated homes category encompasses two main construction methods: panelized and modular. Modular housing is defined as “housing that is partially built in a plant, shipped to a development site, and placed on a foundation, where the roof structure and exterior finishes are completed” [2]. Panelized hosing is a similar construction technique that utilizes wall panels manufactured in a controlled environment, shipped to the construction site and installed on the prepared foundation [1].
The fundamental difference between the two is the prefabricated unit, which for the first are structural panels and for the second are complete box-like modules including the roof structure and exterior finishes and which sometimes represent the homersquo;s functional units [3,4]. Both systems have implications that make them valuable alternatives to traditional construction, but the question of how to know which one to choose or which one is more suitable for a specific project still exist.
This paper seeks to answer the questi
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