英语原文共 16 页
Offshoring Accounting Services: New
opportunities for developing countries
Jadranka Mrsika, 1 and Ninko Kostovskia a University American College, Skopje, Macedonia
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to explore the viability of off-shoring of accounting services to foreign companies by providers of such services located in Republic of Macedonia. We have assessed the potentials of accountants in Republic of Macedonian to offer off-shored accounting services by using the criteria for assessment of outsourcing destinations in general as established by the McKinsey Institute. We have founded that there is considerable potentials for offshoring of accounting and related services. Exploitation of these potentials would result in significant contribution to the accounting profession development and the employment of young graduates in accounting. In these terms, we offer some practical recommendations to the profession and to the policy-makers for further promotion of this business opportunity
Introduction
Companies today operate simultaneously in many countries worldwide and consequently need to employ accountants with international accounting knowledge. In addition, the off-shoring and near-shoring of selected accounting activities is becoming increasingly attractive option for many of them pursuing greater competitiveness. Therefore, the accounting profession worldwide is developing towards much broader interdisciplinary knowledge and towards variety of skills. The accounting information systems development, the globalization of the accounting services and the international standardization of the financial reporting are the primary factors of changes of the accounting profession that need to be adequately tackled by the formal education and by the lifelong training of the accountants.
The market for off-shore-based Financial and Accounting (Famp;A) services is improving despite a very challenging economic environment according to Sahni et al. (2012) expecting the worldwide Famp;A services market to grow from US$27 billion in 2010 to $38.45 billion in 2015.
Stark et al. (2011) recognized the offshore services industry as opportunity for developing countries by offering increased employment in service jobs, facilitating the entry of these countries into the knowledge economy, and providing access to new markets. Everest Group (201 4) considers Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) as one of the leading delivery in Finance and Accounting because of availability of multi-lingual and highly qualified finance talent, close cultural ties with Western Europe and North America, proximity to western markets, and favourable business environment.
In the latest A.T. Kearney Global Services Location Index, nine countries from the CEE region are among the 40 top destinations for global offshoring (Appendix One). The index is made up from three categories: Financial attractiveness, Skillsrsquo; availability and Respective business environment.
The McKinsey Global Institute (2012) new growth model for CEE countries identifies the outsourcing (off shoring) as one of the three major opportunities for CEE-nations to raise both the volume and the value of their export. The Report underlines the need of targeted investments in education and development to capture more high-value-added Oamp;O work will require, as well as, engaging in international marketing efforts and sharing best practices in the industry. Outsourcing is expected to grow regionally, aided by the financial crisis in Western Europe, which is pushing companies to shift some expensive functions to the east of the continent (Cienski, 2013). The developing countries should consider this offshoring service opportunity in their strategies for growth.
In Europe, countries such Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria are also well-known destinations for offshoring various business services, holding app. 8% share of the global off-shoring market. In Poland, these services expansion outpaced the rest of Central Europe and grew three times faster than in India (McKinsey Institute, 2015). Aided by the financial crisis in Western Europe, outsourcing is expected to grow even further, pushing companies to shift expensive functions to the east of the continent, claims Cienski (2013). Forbs indicated on Romania as the next most convenient destination for procurement of outsourced accounting services (Păvăloaia, 2011).
This trends provide an opportunity for developing countries like Macedonia that possess or can develop considerable competitive advantage on the global market of off-shoring accounting and related services. Macedonia, due to its economy small size, is not on the offshoring landscape and in the focus of the consultant companies` assessment of the countries where the companies may decide to locate offshore operation. Therefore, in this paper we have examined the potential of Macedonia to offer offshore services by employing the criteria established by McKinsey Institute. Cattaneo and Walkenhorst (2012) have recognized international relationships, language ability, and professional expertise, and access to a quality communications infrastructure being important factors of the level of outsourcing opportunities for accounting firms and we agree with. They have stressed the significance of the knowledge of international accounting standards and consequently the need of certification through the International Organization for Standardization, as well.
In this paper we have analysed the capacity of Macedonian accountants to provide services to clients outside the country. We apprise off-shoring of selected accounting activities as attractive option for dev
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