Automation in Construction 22 (2012) 605–613
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Automation in Construction
j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / a u t c o n
Aligning building information model tools and construction management methods
Timo Hartmann a, , Hendrik van Meerveld b, Niels Vossebeld b, Arjen Adriaanse c
- VISICO Center, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Twente University, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Twente University, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- BIM Center, Ballast Nedam, The Netherlands
a r t i c l e i n f o
Article history:
Accepted 18 December 2011 Available online 10 January 2012
Keywords:
Technology implementation
Cost estimating
Risk management
Building information model
Technology pull
4D
Quantity take off
Construction management
Work processes
a b s t r a c t
Few empirical studies exist that can explain how different Building Information Model (BIM) based tool imple-mentation strategies work in practical contexts. To help overcoming this gap, this paper describes the implemen-tation of two BIM based tools, the first, to support the activities at an estimating department of a construction company and the second, to support risk management activities on a large infrastructure project. Using the cases, we illustrate that it is possible to closely align the functionality of existing BIM based tools with specific and well established construction management work processes. In this way, we illustrate that it is possible to im-plement BIM based tools in construction organizations in a 'technology pull' manner. With these findings, we complement existing implementation theories in construction management that advocate 'technology push' implementations during which existing work processes need to be radically changed to align with the function-ality of the BIM based tools.
copy; 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
The introduction of building information model (BIM) based tools to support the work of construction management organizations is still a problematic task in practice. It is not surprising, that many re-searchers have tried to address the problem by trying to explain why and how implementations were successful or unsuccessful. Influenced by Rogers [1] diffusion of innovation theory this existing work mainly analyzes technology implementations from a technology push view. These views mainly proliferate the vision to use BIM to best support as many business processes as possible across all different organiza-tions that are involved throughout the life-cycle of a building project [2,3]. It is not surprising that most of the prior work has identified the loosely coupled structure of the construction industry [4,5] as the main barrier for implementation. As a solution, these authors suggest that project teams need to align their work processes to the new “collaborative and integrated ways of working” that BIM based tools require [2]. The argument that follows from these assumptions is then that a top-down technology-push implementation is necessary to successfully change construction organizations and, in turn, to allow for the meaningful use of BIM based technologies [2].
Corresponding author.
E-mail addresses: t.hartmann@utwente.nl (T. Hartmann),
h.vanmeerveld@student.utwente.nl (H. van Meerveld), nielsvossebeld@gmail.com (N. Vossebeld), a.adriaanse@ballast-nedam.nl (A. Adriaanse).
URL: http://www.utwente.nl/visico (T. Hartmann).
0926-5805/$ – see front matter copy; 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2011.12.011
Within practical BIM based tool implementation settings this top-down view is limited as it is seldom feasible to significantly change existing work processes to enable the implementation of new technologies. This is mainly because the working practice of construc-tion project management teams are already well structured around generally accepted construction project management practices. For example, projects all over the world, whether they are small or large, use formal critical path scheduling techniques to estimate project duration or structure cost estimates into cost categories using generally accepted work breakdown structures of the physical project work. Hence, in practical settings, technology pull implemen-tation perspectives that focus on the possibility to align existing BIM based tools with current work practices might be complementary to the prevailing technology push implementation perspectives.
To further the above notion, this paper provides case based evi-dence for the benefits of a technology pull view and for its practical feasibility in “real world” BIM based tool implementation settings. To do so, it describes the BIM based tool implementation effort of two construction organizations. The first case focuses on the support of cost estimating activities with BIM based automated quantity take-offs. The second case focuses on the support of project risk manage-ment activities with BIM based 4D models — a BIM based technology that allows the
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