'Harlequin' is one of the representative works of French composer Milot, and it is also a classic work in saxophone music. It has high value in both theoretical research and performance teaching. By analyzing the characteristics and performance characteristics of the music, we can understand the personality characteristics of the composer and his works and the application details of the design techniques, and at the same time, we can further grasp the characteristics of the times of the music, which is beneficial to the performance. Keyword： Darius Millau; Harlequin; saxophone; performance; Darius Milhaud, born in 1892 in a wealthy Jewish family in Aix-en-Provence, France, he studied violin and composition since he was a child, has a high musical talent, and was admitted to the Paris Conservatory with honors. Under the tutelage of Dandy and Vitol, he participated in the anti-fascist 'Peoples Music League' in the late 1930s. He was one of the greatest French composers in the twentieth century after Debussy, and was also part of the 'Six' leader. In 1937, French writer Moliegrave;res play 'Doctor Jianghu' invited Miyau to the soundtrack and premiered at the 'Coward' theater in Paris. 'Harlequin' is a piece that Miyo composed for the alto saxophone and orchestra two years later based on this soundtrack, and also composed a suite for two pianos. In saxophone literature, this is a classic. The translation name 'Harlequin' is a free translation of French, that is, the cowardly and bragging comedy character in the old Italian comedy. 1. The characteristics of the music (1) Curved structure In addition to following the classical music structure, Miyo added his own unique ideas. For example, from a macroscopic point of view, the three chapters of the whole piece constitute a large-scale 'opening and closing' three-stage reproduction structure, which is very ingenious; from a microscopic point of view, each movement has obvious paragraphs, and the format of 'presentation-expansion-reproduction' are used. The following is a detailed explanation of the whole song structure: The first movement is emotive and vibrant, composed of a single trilogy with renditions. The second movement, the middle plate, is a duet of love. The composer adopts a complex trilogy-style musical structure, and the musical image is soft and expressive. The third movement is a Brazilian dance, which is also a trilogy with reproduction. (2) Tonal layout The three movements of 'Harlequin' all use a clear major key. The first movement is in the key of A major, the second movement is in the key of G major in the direction of the major second below it, and the third movement ends in the key of D major IV, which is a subordinate function of A major. These three movements are not only independent in tonal layout, but also closely related to each other. At the beginning of the piece, the saxophone plays a bright and cheerful A major theme, which is full of vitality, then turns to its dominant E major, and ends in the exposition. In the middle section of the second part, the tonal conversion process is D-C-F-A-E-C in sequence, and frequent transitions make the middle section fully extended, and the tonal color has a variety of characteristics. After a series of transpositions, it finally returns to the main key of A major in the reproduction section. The second movement is in the key of G major. Then, to the subordinate mode of the main key, E major, and the development part to the dominant direction of D major, the main key continues to develop around these two modes, and these two modes are also constantly supporting the main key. Compared with the first movement, the second movement is slightly simpler in the tonality layout, which reflects the role of the tonality in connecting the previous and the next. The third movement enters from the main key D major, and finally returns to the main key D major after G-D-A-F. Among them, A major is not only the dominant key of the main key of this movement, but also the presentation key (A) of the whole piece. It is worth noting that Miyo inserted the tonal reproduction of the first movement in the middle section, making a perfect response to the tonal layout of the whole piece. At the same time, Miyos polytonic, chromatic-style modulo and out-of-tone techniques reflect the beauty of harmony in modern neoclassical music. The whole structure is as follows: (3) Melody and rhythm characteristics Miyo managed to paint us a set of lively and colorful exotic pictures, which are inseparable from its unique melodic and rhythmic characteristics. For example, in the first movement, a large number of sixteenth notes appear in combination with descending and ascending scales, the wrapping of the tuplets flows evenly, and the hidden melody of the theme has four notes of AFBE on the downbeat, which are continued by the saxophone. Flat sixteen rhythm and graduated scale composition (1-8 bars). This rhythm combination not only increases the intensity of the actual sound effect, but also meets the lively and brisk speed requirements of the music. (See Example 1-1 above) The core rhythm pattern of the first and second movements is composed of three consecutive eighth rhythms (94-108 bars), which have a strong Brazilian style and a certain sense of swing. The continuous rhythm creates a calm and relaxed musical atmosphere for the above movements, expressing a soft musical image. (See Example 1-2 above) Two eighth notes and a minor syncopation rhythm appear, forming the rhythm theme of the third movement (bars 162-164), in which the minor syncopated rhythm rebeat is replaced by a sixteenth rest; the use of this rest, It expresses a compact character after a short pause, and also breaks the squareness of the rhythm. The melody combines movement and stillness with fluidity. When playing this combination of rhythm and melody, it should be light and lively, with the relaxed and casual characteristics of Brazilian folk
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'Harlequin' is one of the representative works of French composer Milot, and it is also a classic work in saxophone music. It has high value in both theoretical research and performance teaching. By analyzing the characteristics and performance characteristics of the music, we can understand the personality characteristics of the composer and his works and the application details of the design techniques, and at the same time, we can further grasp the characteristics of the times of the music, which is beneficial to the performance. Keyword： Darius Millau; Harlequin; saxophone; performance; Darius Milhaud, born in 1892 in a wealthy Jewish family in Aix-en-Provence, France, he studied violin and composition since he was a child, has a high musical talent, and was admitted to the Paris Conservatory with honors. Under the tutelage of Dandy and Vitol, he participated in the anti-fascist 'Peoples Music League' in the late 1930s. He was one of the greatest French composers in the twentieth century after Debussy, and was also part of the 'Six' leader. In 1937, French writer Moliegrave;res play 'Doctor Jianghu' invited Miyau to the soundtrack and premiered at the 'Coward' theater in Paris. 'Harlequin' is a piece that Miyo composed for the alto saxophone and orchestra two years later based on this soundtrack, and also composed a suite for two pianos. In saxophone literature, this is a classic. The translation name 'Harlequin' is a free translation of French, that is, the cowardly and bragging comedy character in the old Italian comedy. 1. The characteristics of the music (1) Curved structure In addition to following the classical music structure, Miyo added his own unique ideas. For example, from a macroscopic point of view, the three chapters of the whole piece constitute a large-scale 'opening and closing' three-stage reproduction structure, which is very ingenious; from a microscopic point of view, each movement has obvious paragraphs, and the format of 'presentation-expansion-reproduction' are used. The following is a detailed explanation of the whole song structure: The first movement is emotive and vibrant, composed of a single trilogy with renditions. The second movement, the middle plate, is a duet of love. The composer adopts a complex trilogy-style musical structure, and the musical image is soft and expressive. The third movement is a Brazilian dance, which is also a trilogy with reproduction. (2) Tonal layout The three movements of 'Harlequin' all use a clear major key. The first movement is in the key of A major, the second movement is in the key of G major in the direction of the major second below it, and the third movement ends in the key of D major IV, which is a subordinate function of A major. These three movements are not only independent in tonal layout, but also closely related to each other. At the beginning of the piece, the saxophone plays a bright and cheerful A major theme, which is full of vitality, then turns to its dominant E major, and ends in the exposition. In the middle section of the second part, the tonal conversion process is D-C-F-A-E-C in sequence, and frequent transitions make the middle section fully extended, and the tonal color has a variety of characteristics. After a series of transpositions, it finally returns to the main key of A major in the reproduction section. The second movement is in the key of G major. Then, to the subordinate mode of the main key, E major, and the development part to the dominant direction of D major, the main key continues to develop around these two modes, and these two modes are also constantly supporting the main key. Compared with the first movement, the second movement is slightly simpler in the tonality layout, which reflects the role of the tonality in connecting the previous and the next. The third movement enters from the main key D major, and finally returns to the main key D major after G-D-A-F. Among them, A major is not only the dominant key of the main key of this movement, but also the presentation key (A) of the whole piece. It is worth noting that Miyo inserted the tonal reproduction of the first movement in the middle section, making a perfect response to the tonal layout of the whole piece. At the same time, Miyos polytonic, chromatic-style modulo and out-of-tone techniques reflect the beauty of harmony in modern neoclassical music. The whole structure is as follows: (3) Melody and rhythm characteristics Miyo managed to paint us a set of lively and colorful exotic pictures, which are inseparable from its unique melodic and rhythmic characteristics. For example, in the first movement, a large number of sixteenth notes appear in combination with descending and ascending scales, the wrapping of the tuplets flows evenly, and the hidden melody of the theme has four notes of AFBE on the downbeat, which are continued by the saxophone. Flat sixteen rhythm and graduated scale composition (1-8 bars). This rhythm combination not only increases the intensity of the actual sound effect, but also meets the lively and brisk speed requirements of the music. (See Example 1-1 above) The core rhythm pattern of the first and second movements is composed of three consecutive eighth rhythms (94-108 bars), which have a strong Brazilian style and a certain sense of swing. The continuous rhythm creates a calm and relaxed musical atmosphere for the above movements, expressing a soft musical image. (See Example 1-2 above) Two eighth notes and a minor syncopation rhythm appear, forming the rhythm theme of the third movement (bars 162-164), in which the minor syncopated rhythm rebeat is replaced by a sixteenth rest; the use of this rest, It expresses a compact character after a short pause, and also breaks the squareness of the rhythm. The melody combines movement and stillness with fluidity. When playing this combination of rhythm and melody, it should be light and lively, with the relaxed and casual characteristics of Brazilian folk
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