基于GIS的聚落地理研究外文翻译资料

 2022-02-25 23:21:08

Study on Spatial Pattern of Rural Settlements in Wuling Mountainous Area Based on GIS

Nanjie Li 1,2 · Shuhui Jiang 3

copy; Springer Science Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018

Abstract Rural settlement is a living space of various people in rural area and it is the carrier of rural population spatial distribution. Taking Pengshui County of Wuling Mountainous Area in China as an empirical research object, the spatial pattern of rural settlement in Pengshui County was studied by using GIS spatial analysis method, including spatial clustering features, topographic spatial differentiation features, along the river system and along the road spatial differentiation characteristics. The results show that firstly, the distribution of rural settlements in Pengshui County is relatively scattered, and it is still in the early stage of aggregation. And secondly, for 92.81% of the rural settlements, the distance between rural settlements is lt; 100 m in Pengshui County, showing that rural settlements in the local space are relatively concentrated. Thirdly, the distribution of rural settlements in Pengshui County is largely affected by topography. There are significant differences in the number and area of the settlement patches on different elevation and slope. The patch plots are normal distribution with elevation and slope, showing a obvious spatial agglomeration. Fourthly, in Pengshui County, rural settlements have a obvious trend to distribute along the road and river. With the increase of distance from the water system and water, the number of settlements decreased rapidly, showing an exponentially decreases. And comparing with settlement along road, settlement along river has a faster descending speed.

Keywords Wuling Mountain · Rural settlement · Spatial pattern · GIS

1 Introduction

Settlement is a place where people inhabit, produce and live, and is the carrier of the spatial distribution of population. Settlement archeology and a large number of studies have confirmed that most of the original settlement is located in the edge of the water in order to facilitate water and cultivate fertile farmland on both sides of the river. Due to the increasing population, the limited cultivated land within the effective farming radius of the original settlement is gradually unable to meet the living needs of the settlement population, leading to the gradual spread of rural settlement in space and gradually evolved into the spatial distribution of modern rural settlement. Rural settlement is the primary form of human settlement, and is also an important part of the spatial structure of settlement [1].Rural settlement can be divided into plains and mountainous settlements according to its geographical area. In China, 69% of the land area is mountainous, and mountain population accounts for about 1/3 of the total population, so mountain settlement is an important type of rural settlements [2]. Chinarsquo;s Wuling Mountain region refers to the area where Wuling Mountain and its other veins lie. It is located in the hinterland of central China. It is one of the 14 “concentrated contiguous poor areas” in China. The distribution characteristics of typical rural settlements are fairly representative in the distribution of rural settlements in China.

From the research process and research status of rural settlements, the research on rural settlement in foreign countries started earlier, and it has a great influence on rural settlement in mountainous areas of China, especially in the early western rural geography represented by Germany and France. Such as: the French geographer Brunhes in his monograph “Human geography” on the rural settlement and the relationship between human activities and the natural environment, German geographer Kohl on the rural settlement of important factors, Demangeon A on the distribution of morphological types of settlement, the German geographer Christ Taylorrsquo;s “center theory”, and RM Downs on rural settlement “space behavior” and “space induction” [3, 4]. Since the 1980s, the study of rural settlement geography in the West has been richer in content, including the evolution of rural settlement patterns, settlement changes, environmental sustainable development and other aspects [5–7]. In recent years, the study of rural settlements in foreign countries has gradually merged with different disciplines in many fields, and more attention has been paid to the new problems in rural settlements. The research extend to the study of rural settlement landscape, rural settlement and economic development with GIS method [8, 9].

The study of rural settlement in China can be traced back to the period of Shang and Zhou Dynasties. The “Buzhaiwen” appeared in several chapters of the Shangshu and the Book of Songs as early as Shang and Zhou dynasties. Since the reform and opening up, with the great changes in Chinarsquo;s rural areas, Chinese scholars began to focus on rural settlement and rural space, settlement system, urbanization and other issues. Some geographers have made in-depth field trips to the mountains. They deeply discussed changes in rural residential land use, the distribution of suburban villages and towns, the spatial distribution of rural settlements, settlement patterns and the size of rural settlements. For example, Lin Chao investigated the Daba mountainous area settlement. He thought that the settlement “scattered mainly”, and compared with the basin, rural settlements are smaller [10]. Mr. Zhu Binghai investigated the distribution characteristics of rural settlement in Xikang mountainous area (western Sichuan), and analyzed the relationship between mountainous area distribution and plant distribution and altitude [11]. Mr. Jin Qiming contrasted the difference of rural settlement scale in mountainous areas in different areas, and believed that

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Study on Spatial Pattern of Rural Settlements in Wuling Mountainous Area Based on GIS

Nanjie Li 1,2 · Shuhui Jiang 3

copy; Springer Science Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018

Abstract Rural settlement is a living space of various people in rural area and it is the carrier of rural population spatial distribution. Taking Pengshui County of Wuling Mountainous Area in China as an empirical research object, the spatial pattern of rural settlement in Pengshui County was studied by using GIS spatial analysis method, including spatial clustering features, topographic spatial differentiation features, along the river system and along the road spatial differentiation characteristics. The results show that firstly, the distribution of rural settlements in Pengshui County is relatively scattered, and it is still in the early stage of aggregation. And secondly, for 92.81% of the rural settlements, the distance between rural settlements is lt; 100 m in Pengshui County, showing that rural settlements in the local space are relatively concentrated. Thirdly, the distribution of rural settlements in Pengshui County is largely affected by topography. There are significant differences in the number and area of the settlement patches on different elevation and slope. The patch plots are normal distribution with elevation and slope, showing a obvious spatial agglomeration. Fourthly, in Pengshui County, rural settlements have a obvious trend to distribute along the road and river. With the increase of distance from the water system and water, the number of settlements decreased rapidly, showing an exponentially decreases. And comparing with settlement along road, settlement along river has a faster descending speed.

Keywords Wuling Mountain · Rural settlement · Spatial pattern · GIS

1 Introduction

Settlement is a place where people inhabit, produce and live, and is the carrier of the spatial distribution of population. Settlement archeology and a large number of studies have confirmed that most of the original settlement is located in the edge of the water in order to facilitate water and cultivate fertile farmland on both sides of the river. Due to the increasing population, the limited cultivated land within the effective farming radius of the original settlement is gradually unable to meet the living needs of the settlement population, leading to the gradual spread of rural settlement in space and gradually evolved into the spatial distribution of modern rural settlement. Rural settlement is the primary form of human settlement, and is also an important part of the spatial structure of settlement [1].Rural settlement can be divided into plains and mountainous settlements according to its geographical area. In China, 69% of the land area is mountainous, and mountain population accounts for about 1/3 of the total population, so mountain settlement is an important type of rural settlements [2]. Chinarsquo;s Wuling Mountain region refers to the area where Wuling Mountain and its other veins lie. It is located in the hinterland of central China. It is one of the 14 “concentrated contiguous poor areas” in China. The distribution characteristics of typical rural settlements are fairly representative in the distribution of rural settlements in China.

From the research process and research status of rural settlements, the research on rural settlement in foreign countries started earlier, and it has a great influence on rural settlement in mountainous areas of China, especially in the early western rural geography represented by Germany and France. Such as: the French geographer Brunhes in his monograph “Human geography” on the rural settlement and the relationship between human activities and the natural environment, German geographer Kohl on the rural settlement of important factors, Demangeon A on the distribution of morphological types of settlement, the German geographer Christ Taylorrsquo;s “center theory”, and RM Downs on rural settlement “space behavior” and “space induction” [3, 4]. Since the 1980s, the study of rural settlement geography in the West has been richer in content, including the evolution of rural settlement patterns, settlement changes, environmental sustainable development and other aspects [5–7]. In recent years, the study of rural settlements in foreign countries has gradually merged with different disciplines in many fields, and more attention has been paid to the new problems in rural settlements. The research extend to the study of rural settlement landscape, rural settlement and economic development with GIS method [8, 9].

The study of rural settlement in China can be traced back to the period of Shang and Zhou Dynasties. The “Buzhaiwen” appeared in several chapters of the Shangshu and the Book of Songs as early as Shang and Zhou dynasties. Since the reform and opening up, with the great changes in Chinarsquo;s rural areas, Chinese scholars began to focus on rural settlement and rural space, settlement system, urbanization and other issues. Some geographers have made in-depth field trips to the mountains. They deeply discussed changes in rural residential land use, the distribution of suburban villages and towns, the spatial distribution of rural settlements, settlement patterns and the size of rural settlements. For example, Lin Chao investigated the Daba mountainous area settlement. He thought that the settlement “scattered mainly”, and compared with the basin, rural settlements are smaller [10]. Mr. Zhu Binghai investigated the distribution characteristics of rural settlement in Xikang mountainous area (western Sichuan), and analyzed the relationship between mountainous area distribution and plant distribution and altitude [11]. Mr. Jin Qiming contrasted the difference of rural settlement scale in mountainous areas in different areas, and believed that

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