A Coal Mine Environmental Monitor System Based on Zigbee-CompliantPlatform
Low cost 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4 / ZigBee modules for a broad range of wireless networks. The MeshConnect certified and qualified modules, enable customer to accelerate time to market by greatly reducing design and certification phases of development.
CELs MeshConnecttrade; radio modules leverage the advanced features of the MeshConnecttrade; Integrated Circuit (IC). The IC is a true single-chip solution, compliant with ZigBee specifications and IEEE 802.15.4, a complete wireless solution for all ZigBee applications. The IC consists of an RF transceiver with baseband modem, a hardwired MAC and an embedded 8051 microcontroller with internal Flash memory. The device provides numerous general-purpose I/O pins, peripheral functions such as timers and UARTs and is one of the first devices to provide an embedded Voice CODEC. This device is also ideal for low power applications.
The original MeshConnect module delivers excellent performance at a surprisingly low cost. The modulersquo;s 6dBm output power means better range, more reliable transmission and fewer nodes in your network. It also makes these modules ideal for applications where cost and power constraints do not allow for external power amplifiers or peripheral range extension components.
The MeshConnect Extended Range module adds a power amplifier (PA) and low noise amplifier (LNA) to increase range to over two miles - plus more reliable transmission and fewer nodes in your network. It is especially useful for open outdoor applications where the nodes are physically far apart, or for indoor use where the nodes have to operate in a noisy RF environment. The Extended Range Modulersquo;s outstanding 123 dBm budget link ensures high quality connections even in such harsh environments.
CELs MeshConnect Development Kit assist users in both evaluation and development. As a stand-alone radio system, the kit allows users to place the modules in to the target environment and evaluate performance on-site. The MeshConnect Development Kit also serves as an invaluable aid in application development. Through the many interface headers on the board, the user has access to all the MeshConnect module pins enabling easy connection to target systems for application development. The key components of the MeshConnect Development Kits are the CELrsquo;s MeshConnect radio module and the interface board.
The MeshConnect module contains the CEL transceiver IC, Crystals, Power Regulator and an integrated PCB antenna with a connector for an external antenna (optional). The interface board features a serial communication interface, a power management module, and peripherals such as potentiometers, LEDs, and GPIO headers.
For more detail information regarding MeshConnect Development Kits, refer to the respective development kit user guides documents.
With an industry best 8 dBm output power, the MeshConnect IC will support a wide a variety of applications without the need for external amplification. Combined with a highly sensitive -98 dBm receiver the MeshConnect IC leads the industry with 106 dB link budget.
In addition to excellent RF performance at ZigBee (250 kbps) data rates, the IC adds high speed modes, Turbo (500 kbps) and Premium (1 Mbps), for networks looking for increased throughput. The device provides numerous general-purpose I/O pins, peripheral functions such as timers and UARTs and is one of the first devices to provide an embedded Voice CODEC.
CEL provides its customers with the CEL ZigBee Stack as part of the software library. Also available are the hardware amp; software tools required to develop custom applications.
The combination of industry leading link budget, high speed RF, and integrate voice CODEC make the IC a truly distinct single chip solution.
The Extended Range module adds both an PA and LNA to maximize RF performance. The NEC uPG2250 PA enable the Extended Range module to output up to 20 dBm transmit power. In the receive path the addition of the UPC8233 LNA boosts the already sensitive receiver up to -103.5 dBm. The Extended Range link budget boasts a very robust 123.5 dBm enabling a line of sight range over 2 miles.
CELs MeshConnect modules include an integrated Printed Circuit Board (PCB) trace antenna. An optional u.FL connector can be specified, providing connection to a 50-ohm external antenna of the userrsquo;s choice. See Ordering Information on page 1.
The PCB antenna employs an F-Antenna topology that is compact and supports an omni-directional radiation pattern. To maximize antenna efficiency, an adequate ground plane must be provided on the host PCB. Correctly positioned, the ground plane on the host PCB will contribute significantly to the antenna performance (it should not be directly under the F-Antenna). The position of the module on the host board and overall design of the product enclosure contribute to antenna performance. Poor design affects radiation patterns and can result in reflection, diffraction, and/or scattering of the transmitted signal.
Here are some design guidelines to help ensure antenna performance:
bull; Never place the ground plane or route copper traces directly underneath the antenna portion of the module.
bull; Never place the antenna close to metallic objects.
bull; In the overall design, ensure that wiring and other components are not placed near the antenna.
bull; Do not place the antenna in a metallic or metalized plastic enclosure.
bull; Keep plastic enclosures 1cm or more from the antenna in any direction.
For optimum antenna performance, the MeshConnect modules should be mounted with the PCB trace antenna overhanging the edge of the host board. To further improve performance, a ground plane may be placed on
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基于ZigBee兼容平台的煤矿环境监测系统
低成本的2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4 / ZigBee模块是广范围传输的无线网络。其为MeshConnect认证和合格的模块，使客户通过加快产品上市时间来大大降低了开发设计和认证阶段的时间。CEL的MeshConnecttrade;无线模块利用先进的MeshConnecttrade;集成电路（IC）的来实现功能。该IC是一个真正的单芯片解决方案，符合ZigBee规范和IEEE 802.15.4，对于所有的ZigBee来说是一个完整的无线解决方案的应用程序。该IC包括与基带的RF收发机的调制解调器，硬连线MAC和一个嵌入式8051微控制器，具有内置闪存。该器件提供了大量的通用I / O引脚，外设功能如定时器和UART接口是第一个设备并且提供一个嵌入式的语音编解码器。该器件还非常适用于低功耗应用。
原来MeshConnect模块可提供卓越的性能在成本上也出奇的低。该模块的 6dBm的输出功率意味着更好的范围内，更可靠的传输和更少的节点将出现在您的网络上。这也使得这些模块应用的理想选择在成本和功耗限制不允许外部功率放大器或外围范围扩展组件。扩展范围模块MeshConnect增加功率放大器（PA）和低噪声放大器（LNA），以增加范围过度2英里 - 加上更加可靠的传输和更少的节点您的网络。它是开放的户外应用特别有用其中的节点在物理上相距甚远，或在室内使用其中节点来具有在嘈杂的射频环境中运行。该增程模块的优秀 123 dBm的链路预算确保即使在这种恶劣的环境中高质量的连接。
开发套件包括CEL的MeshConnect开发套件来帮助用户评估和开发。作为一个独立的无线电系统，该套件可以让用户放置模块到目标环境和评估的现场表现。该MeshConnect开发套件也可作为一种宝贵有助于应用开发。通过多在板接口头，用户可以访问所有在MeshConnect模块引脚能够轻松地连接目标应用开发系统。钥匙在MeshConnect开发套件的组成部分对CEL的MeshConnect无线电模块和所述接口板。该MeshConnect模块包含CE收发器IC，晶振，功率调节器和集成的PCB天线与外部天线的连接器（可选）。接口板采用串行通信接口，电源管理模块，并外围设备，例如电位计，发光二极管，和GPIO头。欲了解更多详细信息有关MeshConnect开发套件，参考各自的发展套件的用户指南文档。
用业界最佳 8 dBm输出功率，所述MeshConnect IC将支持广泛的各种不应用需要外部放大。有一个高度敏感的-98 dBm的接收器结合MeshConnect IC居于行业领先地位106数据库配置预算。除了在ZigBee的数据速率优异的射频性能（250 kbps）表示，该IC增加了高速模式，涡轮增压（500 kbps的）和Premium（1 Mbps）的，用以满足网络，提高了生产率。该器件提供了大量的通用I / O引脚，外设功能如定时器和UART并且是第一个设备提供嵌入式语音编解码器之一。CEL向客户提供的CEL ZigBee协议栈作为软件库的一部分。此外，还提供了硬件和所需的软件工具来开发定制应用。业界领先的链路预算，高速RF的结合，并集成语音CODEC使IC一个真正独特的单芯片解决方案。增程模块增加了既有PA和LNA最大化RF性能。 NEC的uPG2250 PA启用增程模块输出高达 20 dBm的发射功率。在接收路径中的另外的UPC8233 LNA的队内已经敏感的接收高达-103.5 dBm的。增程链路预算拥有一个非常强大的123.5 dBm的使得视线范围内超过2英里。
CEL的MeshConnect模块包括一个集成的印刷电路板（PCB）走线天线。可选U.FL连接器可以被指定，提供连接到用户选择的一个50欧姆的外部天线。PCB天线的使用的F天线拓扑结构紧凑，并支持一个全向辐射图案。为了最大限度地提高天线效率，必须提供在主PCB上的适当的接地平面。正确地定位，该在主PCB上接地层显著有助于天线性能（它不应该是直属在F型天线）。在产品外壳的主板和整体设计的模块的位置向天线性能。设计不良影响辐射图案，并可能导致的反射，衍射和/或散射发送信号。
下面是一些设计准则，以帮助确保天线的性能：
bull;切勿将接地层或路由铜直接跟踪模块的天线部分的下面。
bull;切勿将天线靠近金属物体。在整体设计，确保布线和其它部件不会被放置在天线附近。
bull;不要将天线放置在金属或金属化塑料外壳。
bull;保持塑料外壳1厘米以上来自任何方向的天线。
为了获得最佳的天线性能，MeshConnect模块应安装在PCB走线天线悬在主板的边缘。为了进一步提高性能，接地平面可以被放置在主板模块下，上升到天线。连续的地平面的直接一层下方上的安装模块也将让你到这一层下运行的痕迹。 CEL可以提供您的PCB布局协助。有在IC三种掉电模式。位在PDCON寄存器：每种模式可以使用PDMODE [0 1]被设置和掉电模式可由PDSTART位设置为1来启动每种模式具有不同的电流消耗和唤醒源，请参考IC数据表可用的掉电模式的进一步信息。表8描述了三种省电模式。
该MeshConnect IC包括三个语音编解码算法：mu;律，A律和ADPCM。mu;-law算法是北美的数字通信系统主要使用的扩算法和日本。与其他扩算法，其目的是降低音频信号的动态范围。在里面模拟域这可以增加在传输过程中和在数字域中实现的信噪比（SNR），它可以减少量化误差（因此增加信号对量化噪音比）。这些改善信噪比可交易来降低带宽和等价SNR来代替。 a律算法是使用的标准扩算法欧洲的数字通信系统，以优化/修改的模拟信号的动态范围进行数字化。在一个律算法在更糟比例失真的成本提供了稍微更大的动态范围比mu;律
小信号。
自适应DPCM（ADPCM）是DPCM [差分（或增量）脉码调制]的变体改变的大小量化步骤，允许对于给定的信噪比所需要的带宽的进一步减小。 DPCM进行编码在PCM值作为当前和先前值之间的差异。对于音频应用，这类型的编码减少了约25％的每个样品所需要的比特相比的PCM数。
该MeshConnect模块已经按照FCC认证，部分集成15规则转化为产品，无需进一步测试或认证。为了满足FCC的认证要求，MeshConnect模块的OEM必须保证设置在MeshConnect标签信息被放置在最终产品的外部。该MeshConnect模块是标有自己的FCC ID号。如果在FCC ID是不可见的，当模块被安装在另一装置内，然后插入其中安装了模块还必须显示一个标签指封闭的模块的装置的外部。这个外部标签可以使用的措辞，如以下内容：
“包含发射器模块FCC ID：W7Z-ICP0”或“包含FCCID：W7Z-ICP0”。
在MeshConnect模块的OEM只能使用经过认证批准的天线（PCB走线天线）该模块。在MeshConnect模块的OEM必须测试其最终产品配置符合无意每FCC规则第15章之申报FCC符合前散热器限制。
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