Proceedings of the 33rd Chinese Control Conference July 28-30, 2014, Nanjing, China
An Empirical Research on the Influence of Perceived Value on Buyersrsquo; Purchase Intention
—Based on the Regulation of Freight*
DIAO Xueying, HE Lihong*
(School of Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China) E-mail: diaoxy12@lzu.edu.cn
Abstra ct: Basing on the previous research results, this paper explores the model of online buyersrsquo; purchase intention, and proposes the model in which the influence of perceived risk, perceived benefit, perceived value and freight on online buyersrsquo; purchase intention is considered. In the research model, both perceived benefit and perceived value are assumed to be positively affecting online buyersrsquo; purchase intention. Perceived risk is hypothesized to affect perceived value and online buyersrsquo; purchase intention negatively. Freight is hypothesized to moderate the relationship between perceived value and online buyersrsquo; purchase intention. By means of SPSS 19.0, the statistical results show that perceived risk is negatively related to perceived value and buyersrsquo; purchase intention; while perceived benefit is positively related to perceived value and buyersrsquo; purchase intention; and freight negatively moderates the relationship between perceived value and purchase intention.
Keywords: perceived risk, perceived benefit, perceived value, purchase intention, freight
Introduction
According to the 32nd Statistical Report on Internet Development in China published by China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC) [1], at the end of June, 2013, the number of domestic internet users reached 591 million, among them more than 271 million people have online shopping experience. Due to its advantages of convenience, low price and without territorial limits, online shopping has won great popularity among Chinese internet users. However, online shopping turns out to be highly risky options because of its highly virtual commercial mode and information asymmetry. To a large e xtent, consumers change, postpone or cancel a purchase decision due to perceived risk. Taking Taobao, an e-commerce site, for e xa mple, we will first introduces freight as a moderate variable of perceived value and buyersrsquo; purchase intention, and performs an empirical research on the effects of perceived risk, perceived benefits, perceived value and freight on buyersrsquo;purchase intention.
Background and hypothesis
There are many uncertainties for consumers, particularly when consumers are shopping online, they cannot know in advance if the products they buy are the same with their e xpected psychological demand. Hence they are subject to uncertainty during the process of purchasing. This uncertainty is the so-called perceived risk that Bauer [2], a professor at Harvard University, first came up with in 1960. After that, many scholars improved and advanced the definitions of perceived risk, among which the most widely accepted one is that perceived risk includes two factors: on one hand, the uncertainty which means that the probability consumers perceive whether something happens; on the other hand, the consequence which comes from buyersrsquo;perceived risk.
Sun et al. [3] using confirmatory factor analysis proved that perceived risk had a negative impact on buyersrsquo; purchase intention. Because consumers can not directly see (touch) real products on the Internet, and they cannot judge the quality of product by the web page, thus online
- This work is supported by Teaching and Research Project of Lanzhou University (201203) and Management Education Research Project of School of Management, Lanzhou University (13SMJXYJ 001).
- Corresponding author
shopping generates greater perceived risk than the traditional shopping mode does. And the more intense buyersrsquo; perceived risk, the less likely that they would shop online. Kuhlmeier amp; Knight[4] who studied the antecedent variables of online shopping, found that buyersrsquo; perceived risk had a negative influence on buyersrsquo; purchase intention. At the same time, buyersrsquo; perceived risk had a negative impact on the consumersrsquo; perceived value, as the psychological cost when consumers shop online. So when buyersrsquo; perceived risk increases, their perceived value will decrease. Consisted with previous studies, the first hypothesis comes as the following:
H1: Perceived risk is negatively related to buyersrsquo;
perceived value.
Perceived benefit is the consumersrsquo; perception of productsrsquo; quality, productsrsquo; performance and other interests, which can meet buyersrsquo; specific and psychological demand, and enable consumers to feel it worth buying. Zeithaml [5]
suggested that perceived benefit had a direct impact on buyersrsquo; purchasing decisions. When consumers evaluate the product, one of the most influencing factors they considered is the perceived benefit. The greater the perceived benefit is, the more likely they will buy the products. Dong amp; Yang[6] used empirical study to prove that buyersrsquo; perceived benefits had positive relations towards buyersrsquo; purchase intention. Grewal et al. [7] claimed that when buyersrsquo; perception of product benefit is high, the perceived value of the product would increase. Based on previous studies, this paper makes the following hypothesis:
H2: Perceived benefit is positively related to perceived value.
According to Grewal [7], perceived value is the relative relationship between the benefit and the costs in order to gain the benefit. He believed that perceived value had a significantly positive effect on buyersrsquo; purchase intention. Perceived value is the integrated value of perceived benefits and perceived pay when customers make purc
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2014年7月28日至30日第33届中国控制会议记录中国南京
感知价值对购买者购买意愿影响的实证研究
-根据货运规则
刁雪英、何立红*
(兰州大学管理学院,兰州730000)邮箱:diaoxy12@lzu.edu.cn
CT:本文在前人研究成果的基础上,探讨了网络买家的购买意向模型,提出了考虑感知风险、感知利益、感知价值和运费对网络买家购买意向的影响的模型。在研究模型中,假设感知利益和感知价值都对网络买家的购买意愿有正向影响。假设感知风险对感知价值和网络买家的购买意愿产生负面影响。假设运费可以缓和感知价值与网上买家购买意愿之间的关系。统计结果表明,感知风险与感知价值和购买者购买意向呈负相关;感知利益与感知价值和购买者购买意向呈正相关;运费与感知价值和购买者购买意向呈负相关。
关键词:感知风险、感知利益、感知价值、购买意图、运费
1. 介绍
根据中国互联网络信息中心(CNNIC)发布的数据[1],截至2013年6月底,国内网民达到5.91亿人,其中有在线购物体验的网民超过2.71亿人。网上购物以其方便、价格低廉、无地域限制的优势,在中国网民中赢得了极大的欢迎。然而,由于网络购物具有高度的虚拟商业模式和信息不对称性,因此成为高风险的选择。在很大程度上,消费者由于感知到的风险而改变、推迟或取消购买决定。以电子商务网站淘宝网为例,首先引入运费作为感知价值和购买者购买意向的适度变量,并对感知风险、感知利益、感知价值和运费对购买者购买意向的影响进行实证研究。中国互联网发展第32次统计报告
2. 背景与假设
1999年底,随着互联网高潮来临。中国网络购物的用户规模不断上升。2010年中国网络购物市场延续用户规模、交易规模的双增长态势。2010年中国网络购物市场交易规模接近5000亿,达4980.0亿元,占到社会消费品零售总额的3.2%;同时,网络购物用户规模达到1.48亿,在网民中的渗透率达30.8%(《2013-2017中国网络购物行业市场前瞻与投资预测分析报告》统计数据显示)。对于一些传统企业而言,通过一些传统的营销手段已经很难对现今的市场形成什么重大的改变了。如果想将企业的销售渠道完全打开,企业就必需引进新的思维和新的方法。而网络购物正好为现今的传统企业提供了一个很好的机会与平台,传统企业通过借助第三方平台和建立自有平台纷纷试水网络购物,构建合理的网络购物平台、整合渠道、完善产业布局成为传统企业未来发展重心和出路。消费者有许多不确定因素,特别是当消费者在网上购物时,他们不能预先知道他们所购买的产品是否与预期的心理需求相同。因此,它们在采购过程中会受到不确定性的影响。这种不确定性是哈佛大学教授鲍尔于1960年首次提出的所谓“感知风险”。此后,许多学者对感知风险的定义进行了改进和完善,其中最为广泛接受的是感知风险包括两个因素:一方面,不确定性,即消费者感知是否发生某种事情的概率;另一方面,买方感知风险产生的后果。KSun等人[3]运用验证性因素分析证明,感知风险对购买者购买意愿有负面影响。因为消费者不能在互联网上直接看到(触摸)真实的产品,也不能通过网页来判断产品的质量,因此不能在线购物比传统的购物模式产生更大的感知风险。而且买家感知到的风险越大,他们上网购物的可能性就越小。Kuhlmeieramp;Knight[4]研究了网络购物的前因变量,发现消费者的感知风险对消费者的购买意愿有负面影响。同时,作为消费者网上购物的心理成本,消费者的感知风险对消费者的感知价值产生了负面影响。因此,当买家的感知风险增加时,他们的感知价值就会降低。包括先前的研究,第一个假设如下:
h1:感知风险与买家的感知价值。
感知利益是消费者对产品质量、产品性能等利益的感知,它能满足消费者的特定心理需求,使消费者感到值得购买。泽塔姆[5]这表明感知到的利益对买家的购买决策有直接影响。当消费者评估产品时,他们考虑的最重要的影响因素之一是感知利益。感知到的利益越大,他们购买产品的可能性就越大。董杨[6]运用实证研究证明,买方的感知利益与买方的购买意愿呈正相关。Grewal等人[7]声称,当购买者对产品收益的感知度较高时,产品的感知值会增加。本文在前人研究的基础上,提出了以下假设:
H2:感知效益与感知价值呈正相关。
根据Grewal[7],感知价值是利益与成本之间的相对关系,以获得利益。他认为感知价值对买家的购买意愿有显著的正向影响。感知价值是顾客做出购买决策时感知利益和感知报酬的综合价值。Sheth等人[8]发现感知价值对消费者的购买行为有积极影响。泰勒[9]使用前景理论预测感知价值对消费者购买意愿有显著影响。结合以往的研究,本文提出以下假设:
H3a:感知价值对感知风险与买家购买之间的关系产生负面影响意图。
H3b:感知价值正中介了感知利益与购买者购买意愿的关系。
与传统的购物方式不同,网上卖家和网上买家通常位于不同的地方。因此,网上买家通常需要支付一定的运费。这种价格“产品价格 运输价格”被称为“分离价格”,这种定价策略通常被许多企业采用,这意味着原始产品和/或服务的整体价格可以分为两部分,在正常情况下,在线买家必须支付产品和运输费用。然而,其他时间,一些网店可能会提供免费运费来吸引买家,所以买家只需支付产品价格就可以购买商品。Hao等人
[10]研究了不同价格呈现的效果
买方购买意向折扣。本文从两个方面论述了货运:自由货运和货运。一方面,当消费者需要支付额外运费时,由于额外运费的支付,消费者的感知价值会降低,而购买者的购买意愿也会降低。另一方面,如果消费者不必支付运费,消费者会认为它节省了成本,从这个意义上说,消费者感知价值对消费者购买意愿的影响将增加。综上所述,本文提出以下假设:
H4:运费对感知价值与购买意向之间的关系起到了负向缓和作用。
基于上述推理,概念框架如图1所示,本文将证明感知风险、感知利益、感知价值、运费和买方购买意愿之间的关系。在该模型中,感知风险和感知利益是独立变量,买方的购买意愿是因变量,感知价值是中介变量,而运费是适度变量。
图1:研究模型
3. 方法
本文所采取的措施都是从现有的测量中采取的。感知利益的计量项目改编自Forsyth等人[11],感知风险的计量项目采用Changamp;Wu[12]和Jing等人[13]的方法,感知价值的计量项目和购买者购买意向的计量项目采用Dodds等人[14]的方法,Wu等人[15]和Chenamp;Wang[16]的方法。
2013年10月和11月,通过中国大型专业调查网站sojump.com收集数据。最终获得问卷277份,其中无效问卷62份,响应率为77.6%。样本中男性的比例略高于女性(55.3%对44.7%),受访者大多在18-30岁,占总人口的58.1%。接受高中教育的人比例约为71.6%。月薪3000元以下的比例为47.5%。与CNNIC[1]发布的最新数据相比,该样本是合理的。
通过可靠性和收敛有效性评价了测量模型的充分性。可靠性是利用Cronbach的_值挖掘出来的。所有值均高于0.7,这是通常可接受的阈值。使用平均方差E(ave)(ave应超过0.50)测试收敛有效性。在所有项目中,三个项目(PB9、PB10和PR9)不适用。在排除了这三个项目后,其他项目在各自的结构上将其排除在0.5以上。因此,我们认为该量表应具有足够的结构效度。
4. 假设检验
本文采用三步法对中介影响进行了实证分析,如表1所示,感知风险为独立变量,购买意向为因变量,感知价值为中介变量。回归分析结果显示,知觉风险对知觉值有负影响(b=-0.311,Plt;0.001),支持h1。当我们在回归中加入感知价值时,感知风险对买方购买意向的影响显著降低(0.789gt;0.712,Plt;0.001),因此感知价值介导了感知风险与买方购买意向之间的关系,从而支持H3a。如表2所示,感知利益是独立变量,b购买意愿是因变量,感知价值是中介变量。回归分析结果表明,知觉效益对支持H2的知觉值有正向影响(b=0.940,Plt;0.001)。我们在回归分析中加入了感知价值,感知利益对购买者购买意愿的影响显著降低(0.940gt;0.913),也调解了感知利益与购买者购买意愿的关系,为H3C提供了支持。如表3所示,感知值为独立变量,买方的购买意向是依赖变量,运费是适度变量。表3表明,对于网上购物中的运费,感知价值对购买意向的影响较小(b=0.137,pgt;0.1),而自由权对购买意向的影响较小(b=0.293,plt;0.01),支持假设4。
表1:知觉价值中介回归结果
变量 |
感知价值 |
购买意向 |
|
模型1 |
模型2 |
||
性别 |
0.087 |
-0.029 |
-0.050 |
年龄 |
-0.057 |
0.059 |
0.073 |
月收入 |
0.027 |
-0.048 |
-0.054 |
教育背景 |
-0.038 |
-0.017 |
-0.008 |
感知风险 |
-0.311gamma;gamma; |
-0.789gamma;gamma; |
-0.712gamma;gamma; |
感知价值 |
0.246gamma;gamma; |
||
f |
5.109gamma;gamma; |
71.497gamma;gamma; |
75.389gamma;gamma; |
R2 |
0.109 |
0.631 |
0.685 |
R2 |
0.095 |
0.609 |
0.663 |
***0.001水平显著,*0.05水平显著
表2:感知值中介回归结果
变量 |
感知价值 |
购买意向 模型1模型2 |
|
性别 |
0.108 |
0.021 |
0.014 |
年龄 |
-0.085 |
0.013 |
0.018 |
月收入 |
0.057 |
0.026 |
0.022 |
教育背景 |
-0.033 |
-0.018 |
-0.016 |
感知利益 |
0.448gamma;gamma; |
0.940gamma;gamma; |
0.913gamma;gamma; |
感知价值 |
0.060gamma; |
||
f |
11.152gamma;gamma; |
332.697gamma;gamma; |
lt;
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