影视作品对旅游景区形象宣传的影响研究——以木渎古镇为例外文翻译资料

 2022-04-02 22:22:12

Media representation of the UK as a destination for Japanese tourists: Popular culture and tourism

abstract Representations and images of tourist destinations constructed by popular cultural forms of media such as films, television and literature play a significant role in influencing people’s holiday decision-making process. This article illustrates the significance of media representations of destinations based upon findings from the author’s survey of Japanese tourists to the UK and briefly examines popular images of the UK created in the film Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, the television series of Sherlock Holmes, and Beatrix Potter’s Peter Rabbit stories, all of which were identified as influential in the survey. It suggests that the ways in which the UK is represented in those media works have implications for the ways in which Japanese tourists define the UK as a destination and the character of the British. Thus, popular cultural forms of the media can promote, confirm and reinforce particular images, views, and identities of destinations in a very powerful manner.

keywords destination images; international tourism; media representations; popular culture

1.Introduction

Many tourist-generating nations can be characterized today by post-industrial, postmodern, globalized societies in which media, in particular electronic visual media, dominate people’s everyday life by providing a vast amount of informa- tion, representations and images of the world on a global scale. Popular cultur- al forms of the media such as television, films and books are accessible and pervasive entertainment that is enjoyed and consumed by masses of people as a source of joy, pleasure, daydreaming, and fantasy as well as understanding of the world in everyday life (Carey, 1988). It can be argued that it is those media rep- resentations and images that people actually consume rather than realities, and Through which they understand the world. In tourism, which is said to trade in tourist studies images, expectations, dreams, and fantasies (Selwyn, 1996; Squire, 1996), those media representations and images of tourist destinations play a significant role in influencing people’s holiday decision-making process as the basis upon which tourists make choices about where to visit (Gunn, 1972; Hunt, 1975; Gartner,1989; Butler, 1990; Stabler, 1990; Echtner and Ritchie, 1991).

The media in all their forms play a prominent role in myriad representations and constructions of places and tourist destinations. Popular cultural forms of the media such as films, television programmes and novels, which are not direct- ly concerned with tourism promotion or marketing, have increasingly exerted the power to influence tourism, creating a growing worldwide phenomenon whereby tourists visit a destination as a result of it being featured in a book, film or on TV. This phenomenon has created new forms of cultural tourism – ‘movie-induced tourism’ (Riley et al., 1998),‘media-related tourism’ (Busby and Klug, 2001: 316), and ‘literary tourism’ (Butler, 1990). These new forms of tourism can be grouped as ‘popular media-induced tourism’.

This article considers popular media-induced tourism and illustrates the sig- nificance of media representation and images of tourist destinations construct- ed in popular culture, drawing primarily upon data collected in the author’s survey of Japanese tourists to the United Kingdom of Great Britain (the UK). This article discusses only partial findings of the survey related to images of the UK and briefly examines the popular images of the UK created in specific films, television programmes and literature which feature the UK and were identified as influential in the survey.

2.Popular media-induced tourism

Popular media-induced tourism involves tourist visits to a destination which has strong associations or connections with films, television programmes and novels (literary depictions and figures) or their authors (Squire, 1993; Riley et al., 1998). Places where literary works were set or writers were born or lived have always attracted literary pilgrims. Similarly, many places that provided locations for films and television productions have become popular tourist destinations. Popular media-induced tourism thus involves places or film locations which have been popularized or signified as tourist destinations by those popular cul- tural products, which are widely and internationally distributed and consumed by groups of ordinary people.

Popular media-induced tourism abounds in many countries, involving both developed and developing countries in the world. For example, films set in Africa such as Out of Africa (1985), Gorillas in the Mist (1988), and Mountains of the Moon (1990) prompted thousands of visitors from the United States to visit the African continent due to the windfall exposure of Africa provided by those films (Coloccia, 1997). A novel, Anne of Green Gables as well as subsequent novels written by Lucy Maud Montgomery stimulated international tourist interest in the places she wrote about in Prince Edward Island of Canada and Iwashita Media representation of the UK for Japanese literary images of the island have contributed to the development of the tourism industry in that area (Squire, 1996). In Japan, South Korea has recently been a very popular destination for Japanese women aged in their 30s, 40s and 50s.This is partly due to the so-called ‘Korean Wave’ that surged through continued repeats of Korean television dramas such as Winter Sonata, Stairway to Heaven and Beautiful Days, all of which were shown in 2003 and 2004 in Japan and whose major filming locations have attracted Japanese tourists.In the UK,William Wordsworth with his poems and Beatrix Potter with her Peter Rabbit stories have motivated

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