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Academy of Management Review2002, Vol. 27, No. 2, 185-203.
Absorptive Capacity：A Review，Reconceptualization，And Extension
SHAKER A. ZAHRA Georgia State University ；GERARD GEORGE University of Wisconsin-Madison
吸收能力:回顾，概念化和延伸
译者：营销1401 陈文华 0121403920215
Researchers have used the absorptive capacity construct to explain various organizational phenomena. In this article we review the literature to identify key dimensions of absorptive capacity and offer a reconceptualization of this construct. Building upon the dynamic capabilities view of the firm, we distinguish between a firm#39;s potential and realized capacity. We then advance a model outlining the conditions when the firm#39;s potential and realized capacities can differentially influence the creation and sustenance of its competitive advantage.
研究人员利用吸收能力理论结构来解释各种组织现象。 在本文中，我们回顾了文献以确定吸收能力的关键方面，并提供了这种理论结构的概念化。 基于公司的动态能力观，我们区分公司的潜力和实现能力。 然后，我们提出一个模型，描述当公司的潜力和实现能力可以不同地影响竞争优势的创造和维系的条件。
In recent years researchers have used absorptive capacity (ACAP) in their analyses of diverse, significant, and complex organizational phenomena. The importance of ACAP has been noted across the fields of strategic management(Lane amp; Lubatkin, 1998; Nahapiet amp; Ghoshal,1998),technology management (Schilling, 1998),international business (Kedia amp; Bhagat, 1988),and organizational economics (Glass amp; Saggi,1998).Despite growing use of the construct, the study of ACAP remains difficult because of the ambiguity and diversity of its definitions, components, antecedents, and outcomes. These issues highlight a need for greater clarity about the domain and operationalization of this construct (Joglekar,Bohl, amp;Hamburg, 1997;Matusikamp; Heeley, 2001).
近年来，研究人员在分析各种重要且复杂的组织现象时使用了吸收能力（ACAP）。 ACAP的重要性在战略管理（Lane＆Lubatkin，1998; Nahapiet＆Ghoshal，1998），技术管理（Schilling，1998），国际商业（Kedia＆Bhagat，1988）和组织经济学尽管越来越多地使用该构建体，但由于其定义，构件，前因和结果的含糊性和多样性，对ACAP的研究仍然困难。 这些问题凸显了对这一构建领域和实施的更加清晰的需求（Joglekar，Bohl，＆Hamburg，1997; Matusik＆Heeley，2001）。
In this article we propose a reconceptualization of ACAP as a dynamic capability pertaining to knowledge creation and utilization that enhances a firm#39;s ability to gain and sustain a competitive advantage. Research on the dynamic capabilities of the firm (Eisenhardt amp;Martin, 2000;Raff, 2000)offers new insights into the study of ACAP. Researchers argue that dynamic capabilities are embedded in organizational processes and are directed toward enabling organizational change and evolution(Zott,2001).These capabilities enable the firm to reconfigure its resource base and adapt to changing market conditions in order to achieve a competitive advantage.
在本文中，我们提出将ACAP重新概念化为与知识创造和利用相关的动态能力，从而提高企业获得和维持竞争优势的能力。 研究公司的动态能力（Eisenhardt＆Martin，2000; Raff，2000）为ACAP的研究提供了新的见解。 研究人员认为，动态能力嵌入到组织过程中，并指向组织变革和演变（Zott，2001）。这些能力使公司能够重新配置其资源基础并适应不断变化的市场条件，以实现竞争优势。
Here we suggest that ACAP exists as two subsets of potential and realized absorptive capacities. Potential capacity comprises knowledge acquisition and assimilation capabilities, and realized capacity centers on knowledge transformation and exploitation. Reviewing prior research, we observe that most empirical studies show significant relationships between ACAP and innovative output and other outcomes that pertain to creating a competitive advantage. These outcomes reflect a firm#39;s realized capacity. The potential capacity component, however, has received disproportionately less empirical scrutiny when compared with realized capacity. In this article we posit that potential capacity provides firms with the strategic flexibility and the degrees of freedom to adapt and evolve in high-velocity environments. By doing so, potential capacity allows firms to sustain a competitive advantage even in a dynamic industry context.
在这里，我们建议ACAP作为潜力和实现吸收能力的两个单元。 潜在能力包括知识获取和消化能力，实现知识转化和利用的能力中心。 回顾之前的研究，我们观察到大多数实证研究表明，ACAP与创新产出以及与创造竞争优势有关的其他结果之间存在显着关系。 这些结果反映了公司实现的能力。 但是，与实际产能相比，潜在产能部分受到的经验性审查次数较少。 在本文中，我们假设潜在能力为企业提供了战略灵活性和在高速环境中适应和发展的自由度。这样，潜在能力使企业即使在动态行业背景下也能保持竞争优势。
We make three contributions to the literature in this article. First, we recognize ACAP as a dynamic capability that influences the nature and sustainability of a firm#39;s competitive advantage. This distinction facilitates analysis of ACAP by enabling researchers to explore its different antecedents and consequences. Viewing ACAP as a dynamic capability also makes it amenable to change through managerial actions that effectively redefine and deploy the firm#39;s knowledge-based assets (Floyd amp; Lane,2000).Also, we broaden the theoretical interpretation of the ACAP construct by presenting it as a dynamic capability that influences the creation of other organizational competencies and provides the firm with multiple sources of competitive advantage (Barney, 1991), thereby improving economic performance.
本文主要贡献有三个，首先，我们认为ACAP是影响公司竞争优势的性质和可持续性的动态能力。这种区分促进了ACAP的分析，使研究人员能够探索其不同的先例和后果。 将ACAP视为一种动态能力，也使它能适合有效的再定义来改变和部署公司知识资产的管理行为（Floyd＆Lane，2000）。此外，我们通过将ACAP构造呈现为动态 能力影响其他组织能力的创造，并为公司提供多种竞争优势来源（Barney，1991），从而提高经济绩效。
Second, we recognize the roles and importance of different components of a firm#39;s ACAP, setting the stage for future research on the relationships among these components and their influence on a firm#39;s strategic choices. By specifying and examining these dimensions, we clarify the development and evolution of dynamic capabilities that determine the path ways of organizational change.
其次，我们认识到公司ACAP不同组成部分的作用和重要性，为未来研究这些组成部分之间的关系及其对公司战略选择的影响奠定了基础。通过指定和检验这些维度，我们阐明了的动态能力的发展和演变来确定组织变革路径方式。
Third, by identifying conditions under which the components of ACAP create value, we provide some insights into the questions 'What drives performance differences within the same industry?' and 'How do firms sustain such differences over time?' These issues are central to the analysis of a firm#39;s
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