目 录
摘要 2
Abstract 2
一、 引言 3
（一）研究背景 3
（二）选题意义 4
（三）文献综述 4
（四）研究内容和方法 5
二、 相关概念界定与理论模型构建 5
（一）非营利组织 5
（二）利益表达概述 5
（三）非营利性组织利益表达的重要性 6
三、案例分析——心贴心养老服务中心利益表达渠道分析 6
（一）鼓楼区心贴心养老服务中心介绍 6
（二）鼓楼区心贴心养老服务中心利益表达渠道分析 7
（三）鼓楼区心贴心养老服务中心通过利益表达取得的成效 8
（四）鼓楼区心贴心养老服务中心通过利益表达存在的问题 8
四、非营利性社会组织利益表达渠道现状及存在问题 9
（一）营利性社会组织利益表达渠道的现实生态 9
（二）非营利性社会组织利益表达渠道存在问题 11
五、完善非营利性社会组织利益表达渠道的对策建议 12
（一）完善现有的公共利益表达渠道 12
（二）积极引导非政府组织的自我完善, 提高其利益表达能力 12
（三）完善相关法治建设和规范建设 13
六、结论 14
七、致谢
非营利性社会组织的利益表达渠道优化研究——以鼓楼区心贴心养老服务中心为例
魏鹏
南京信息工程大学法政学院，江苏 南京 210044
摘要：当前伴随经济的高速发展，我国已经步入了社会转型阶段，随之而来的是社会结构的改变以及明显的利益分化。同时由于群体的立场不同，导致其在利益方面的冲突越加明显，因此社会主体要关注如何进行利益表达。非营利组织联系着政府与人民群众，除此之外，它们也可以为处境困窘的人提供种类多样的服务。但非营利性社会组织在发展的同时也会遇到各种难题，也要利用各种利益表达渠道来反映自己的困难来赢得政府和社会的帮助。论文以鼓楼区心贴心养老服务中心对此问题进行了深入的研究和分析，首先阐述了研究的背景和意义、研究的内容和方法，相关的概念和理论；其次分析了非营利性社会组织利益表达渠道现状及存在问题；最后，以鼓楼区心贴心养老服务中心为案例进行了案例分析，并针对存在的问题提出了完善非营利性社会组织利益表达渠道的对策建议。通过论文的研究，进一步丰富和完善其利益表达的渠道，也为我国其它地方的社会组织改进和健全利益表达渠道提供理论和实践上的借鉴参考。
关键词：社会组织；利益表达；养老服务中心；渠道优化
A study on the optimization of interest expression channels of non-profit social organizations -- a case study of the heart-to-heart elderly care service center in gulou district
Weipeng
SCHOOL OF LAWamp;PUBLIC AFFAIRS，NUIST，Nanjing 210044，China
Abstract： With the rapid development of economy, China has stepped into the social transformation and settlement, followed by the change of social structure and obvious interest differentiation. At the same time, due to the different positions of groups, the conflicts of interests are more and more obvious. Therefore, social subjects should pay attention to how to express interests. In addition to connecting the government with the people, nonprofits can also provide a variety of services to people in need. However, non-profit social organizations will also encounter various problems in the process of development, and they should also use various interest expression channels to reflect their own difficulties to win the help of the government and society.
This paper makes an in-depth study and analysis of this issue by the center for caring for the aged in gulou district. Firstly, it expounds the background and significance of the research, the content and method of the research, and the related concepts and theories. Secondly, it analyzes the current situation and existing problems of interest expression channels of non-profit social organizations. Finally, the case study of the service center of caring for the aged in gulou district is carried out, and the countermeasures and Suggestions for improving the expression channels of non-profit social organizations interests are put forward according to the existing problems. Through the research of this paper, the author further enriches and improves the channels of interest expression, and also provides theoretical and practical reference for the social organizations in other parts of China to improve and perfect the channels of interest expression.
Key words： Social organization; Expression of interest; Elderly care service center; Channel optimization
- 引言
（一）研究背景
当前伴随经济的高速发展，我国已经步入了社会转型阶段，随之而来的是社会结构的改变以及明显的利益分化。同时由于群体的立场不同，导致其在利益方面的冲突越加明显，因此社会主体要关注如何进行利益表达。利益表达机制的建立与健全对建设社会主义和谐社会有积极作用，若利益表达能够最大限度的发挥其作用，不仅会使公民参政议政的积极性得到提高，而且能在一定程度上使社会矛盾得到缓解，有利于促进社会的和谐发展。社会弱势群体主要指的是在社会资源中获得的经济利益很少，行使的社会权利很少，承受能力比较差的这一类特殊群体，然而这类人的数量很多，国家的主流体制对他们的影响很小，而且他们不会参与或者对政策造成影响，也不去表达自己的利益要求。这些现状导致该群体的利益表达被社会广泛关注，希望通过多方的努力帮助该类群体找到利益表达的有效方式。复杂性与多样性是社会问题的普遍特征，根据其特性说明想要解决这类问题就必须对社会资源与社会力量加以利用，从而解决现实问题，同时也要重视非政府组织在利益表达中的好处，该渠道的建立不仅对社会的发展起到促进作用，而且已经成为建设和谐社会的必然选择。在养老服务领域，非营利性社会组织的利益表达方面存在着信息获得渠道有限等问题，亟需进行改进。
（二）选题意义
城市化进程的加快是伴随着经济高速发展而形成的，城市化也对经济发展有推动作用，同时城市也聚集着庞大的财富与各种资源，各种各样的社会矛盾也存在，人口老龄化现象也愈发严重。由于养老事业具有特殊性并且伴随形势的变化新的问题也逐渐凸显，面对人们多种多样的需求以及复杂的养老问题，政府作为养老服务提供者的局限性日益明显，非营利性社会组织承担政府难以管理和承担的部分养老服务职能，而政府不承担这些具体服务提供可以使其更好地投身于其能够发挥强项之领域，比如宏观经济管理等等。非营利性社会组织担负起了社区养老的职责。该类组织起到了类似于中介的作用，非营利组织联系着政府与人民群众，除此之外，它们也可以为处境困窘的人提供种类多样的服务。但非营利性社会组织在发展的同时也会遇到各种难题，也要利用各种利益表达渠道来反映自己的困难来赢得政府和社会的帮助。论文以鼓楼区心贴心养老服务中心为例，对此问题进行了深入的研究和分析，通过论文的研究，能够进一步丰富和完善非营利性社会组织利益表达渠道的理论，也为我国其它地方的社会组织改进和健全利益表达渠道提供理论和实践上的借鉴参考。
（三）文献综述
国外在利益表达的研究方面由于比较早，有关这方面的研究成果比较丰硕，Lily L.Tsai ( 2007 )从对村庄内部的组成结构角度研究入手指出，其关联联系程度是决定能否为了村民公共利益而正确表达诉求能力，如果村庄内部非常团结，其向外进行利益表达的能力就越强，就越有能力维护村民的共同利益和权利。著名美国学者Wenfang Tang（2008）通过对我国民意及公民社会的深入研究后认为，我国政府没有进行操纵民意，中国民众也有很多渠道进行利益表达而不是如一些西方学者所说的那样，中国政府对民众的利益表达进行压制，民众没有任何利益表达的渠道。此外他还肯定了我国民主法治的进程，认为尽管东西方存在着政治体制等多方面的不同，但是中国的民意表达渠道畅通并能够影响到政府各种政策的制定和发布。
Beard Renee L 和Williamson John B ( 2011)通过对老年组织在社会中扮演的角色进行研究后认为，要积极维护老年人的权益，在制定各种社会政策时尤其要考虑老年人的利益，比如老年人养老方面的诉求，各级政府和社会组织要为老年人养老解决各种困难和遇到的矛盾，倾向老年人的呼声，当然也包括老年人的交通等其它方面诉求。
当前，我国相关学者对公共利益的表达所开展的分析、研究还仅仅处于低级阶段。学者徐德彬持有的意见是：在法律保护范围之内，如果公共利益遭受到破坏，那么相关主体可以运用合理的方法来表达自己的要求。在他看来可以行使公共利益表达权力的主体包括人大代表、大众媒体等。王勃（2011）坚信公共利益从制定到实现，这整个过程一直处在动态发展之中，该过程中最重要的阶段就是公共利益的表达。公共利益的表达包括多方面的内容，包括主体如何培养、扩展渠道有哪些方式以及内容需要进行怎样的规范等，可见公共利益的表达也是一个复杂、全面的工程。它主要起到两个方面的作用：一、给公民提供参与政治学习的机会，同时为其进行实践操作提供场地；二、对政府部门进行监督，让相关人员做好本职工作、正确使用权力，保证为人民提供有效的服务。郑永兰、钱家俊(2015)从政治参与的层面研究分析后指出，政治参与是当今社会发展民主政治的需要，农民工由于群体的特殊性，在社会认同和利益表达诉求等诸多方面存在着很多问题，比如社会保障方面，劳动保护方面。所有这些都要求各级政府和用人单位要保障农民工的利益诉求渠道畅通，来解决他们的各种诉求。翟裙(2016)指出公共利益要由各级立法机关通过一定渠道和按照既定规则来确定，这样才能保证公共利益具有法律保障。公共利益表达在现实生活中发挥着不可忽视的重要作用，它可以促进社会的和谐与稳定，更好的为民众创造各种利益诉求的条件。
综合上述内容可以看出，我国学术界对公共利益的定义并没有做出一个统一的答复，公共利益的表达覆盖的领域比较多，而且其相关理论的偏向也是不同的，但是它们的最终目的都是为了解决其中的问题，使得公共利益处于更加完善的状态。本文研究的内容围绕公共利益的表达进行，上述内容能够为其提供理论上的支持。
（四）研究内容和方法
1、研究内容
论文的研究内容如下。第一章 引言。阐述了论文研究的背景和意义、文献综述研究的内容和方法；第二章相关概念界定与理论模型构建；第三章案例分析——心贴心养老服务中心利益表达渠道分析。以鼓楼区心贴心养老服务中心为案例
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Contents
Summary 2
Abstract 2
I introduction 3
(a) research background 3
(2) the significance of the topic 4
(3) Literature Review 4
(4) research contents and methods 5
II. Definition of Relevant Concepts and Construction of Theoretical Models 5
(1) Non-profit organizations 5
(II) Overview of Interest Expression 5
(3) the importance of the interest expression of non-profit organizations 6
III. Case Analysis-Analysis of Interest Expression Channels of Heart-to-Heart Care Service Center for the Elderly 6
(A) Gulou District Heart Care Service Center for the Elderly Introduction 6
(2) Gulou District Heart Care Service Center for the Elderly Interest Expression Channel Analysis 7
(C) Gulou District Heart-to-Heart Care Service Center for the Elderly achieved results through interest expression 8
(D) Gulou District Heart-to-Heart Care Service Center for the Elderly through the expression of interest problems 8
IV. Current Situation and Existing Problems of Interest Expression Channels of Non-profit Social Organizations 9
(A) for-profit social organizations to express the interests of the real ecological channels 9
(2) There are problems in the channels of interest expression of non-profit social organizations 11
Five, improve the non-profit social organizations interests expression channels of countermeasures and suggestions 12
(a) improve the existing public interest expression channels 12
(2) Actively guide the self-improvement of non-governmental organizations and improve their ability to express their interests 12
(3) improving the construction of relevant laws and regulations and standardizing the construction of 13
Vi. conclusion 14
VII. Acknowledgement
Research on the Optimization of Interest Expression Channels of Non-profit Social Organizations —— Taking Gulou Xinxin Care Service Center for the Elderly as an Example
Johnny
Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Institute of Law and Politics, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu
With the rapid development of economy, China has entered the stage of social transformation, which is followed by the change of social structure and obvious differentiation of interests. At the same time, due to the groups different positions, the conflicts in their interests are becoming more and more obvious. Therefore, social subjects should pay attention to how to express their interests. Non-profit organizations connect the government and the masses of the people. In addition, they can also provide a variety of services for people in difficult situations. However, non-profit social organizations will also encounter various difficulties while developing. They should also use various channels of interest expression to reflect their difficulties and win the help of the government and society. The thesis makes an in-depth research and analysis on this issue with Gulou District Heart-to-Heart Care Service Center for the Elderly. Firstly, it expounds the background and significance of the research, the content and methods of the research, and relevant concepts and theories. Secondly, it analyzes the current situation and existing problems of non-profit social organizations interest expression channels. Finally, taking Gulou districts heart-to-heart care service center for the elderly as a case study, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to improve the channels of interest expression of non-profit social organizations in view of the existing problems. Through the research of this paper, we can further enrich and perfect the channels of interest expression, and also provide theoretical and practical reference for social organizations in other parts of our country to improve and perfect the channels of interest expression.
Key words: social organization; Expression of interests; Elderly service center; Channel optimization
A study on the optimization of interest expression channels of non-profit social organizations -- a case study of the heart-to-heart elderly care service center in gulou district
Weipeng
SCHOOL OF LAWamp;PUBLIC AFFAIRS，NUIST，Nanjing 210044，China
Abstract： With the rapid development of economy, China has stepped into the social transformation and settlement, followed by the change of social structure and obvious interest differentiation. At the same time, due to the different positions of groups, the conflicts of interests are more and more obvious. Therefore, social subjects should pay attention to how to express interests. In addition to connecting the government with the people, nonprofits can also provide a variety of services to people in need. However, non-profit social organizations will also encounter various problems in the process of development, and they should also use various interest expression channels to reflect their own difficulties to win the help of the government and society.
This paper makes an in-depth study and analysis of this issue by the center for caring for the aged in gulou district. Firstly, it expounds the background and significance of the research, the content and method of the research, and the related concepts and theories. Secondly, it analyzes the current situation and existing problems of interest expression channels of non-profit social organizations. Finally, the case study of the service center of caring for the aged in gulou district is carried out, and the countermeasures and Suggestions for improving the expression channels of non-profit social organizations interests are put forward according to the existing problems. Through the research of this paper, the author further enriches and improves the channels of interest expression, and also provides theoretical and practical reference for the social organizations in other parts of China to improve and perfect the chan
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