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SECTION 11 Submersibles (2010)
第11部分 潜水器（2010）
1 Scope
This Section, along with Sections 1 through 10, provides the requirements for the design, fabrication and testing of manned submersibles, including passenger submersibles.
1范围
本节以及第1至第10节提供载人潜水器（包括观光潜水器）的设计，制造和测试要求。
3 Pressure Hulls
Metallic pressure boundaries of pressure hulls for human occupancy are to meet the applicable requirements of Sections 4, 5, and 6.
3压力船体
用于载人的耐压壳体的金属压力边界应满足第4,5和6部分的适用要求。
5 Access Hatches
5.1 Number and Location
Submersibles carrying more than six persons are to be fitted with at least two access hatches. Special consideration will be given to an alternative number and arrangements of hatches, based on the design, safety evaluations and risk analysis demonstrating an equivalent level of safety.
The number and location of the access hatches are to consider the length/diameter of the submersible, the length/diameter of the pressure hull, the number of persons, the conditions of operation, the rescue facilities, the relevant risks such as fire and smoke, safe evacuation under all
operational and emergency conditions on the surface, etc.
5 出入舱口
5.1数量和位置
载有6人以上的潜水器应至少配备2个出入舱口。根据设计、安全评估和显示同等安全水平的风险分析，可对其他数量和舱口安排进行特殊的考虑。
出入舱口的数量和位置应考虑潜水器的长度/直径，耐压壳体的长度/直径，人员数量，操作条件，救援设施，相关的风险如火灾和烟雾，在地面上所有运行和紧急情况下安全撤离等。
5.3 Operation
All hatches are to be operable from both internal and external sides. Hatches should be designed to seat with pressure. Hatches that unseat with pressure will be considered based on the application of the unit. The means for opening and closing of hatches should permit operation by a single person under all anticipated operating and emergency conditions. Hatches are to have means for securing in the open and closed positions. Means are to be available to ensure that hatches are clear of water before opening. All hatches are to be considered when evaluating the surface stability of the submersible. See Subsection 11/31.
5.3 操作
所有舱口都可以在内部和外部进行操作。舱口应被设计成能承受压力。根据设备的应用情况考虑不承受压力的舱口。舱口的开启和关闭方式应允许单人在所有预期的运行和紧急情况下进行操作。舱口应具有固定在敞开和闭合位置的装置。在打开舱口之前，应有可行的方法确保舱口没有水。在评估潜水器表面稳定性时应考虑所有舱口。参见11/31小节。
5.5 Pressure Equalization
Means are to be provided for equalizing pressure on each side of a hatch prior to hatch opening. As an alternative, an absolute pressure indicator with means of adjusting the internal pressure on either side may be provided.
5.5 压力均衡
在打开舱门前，需要采取方法使舱门两边压力平衡。作为一种替代方案，可以提供一种具有调节两侧内部压力的绝对压力指示器。
5.7 Access
Hatch coaming ways are to be free from obstacles.
5.7 通道
出入舱口围板的通道应是没有障碍的。
5.9 Display, Alarm and Interlock for Hatch Open Position
In order to prevent the pilot from initiating descent with the hatches in the open position, the following are to be provided in addition to the normal check procedures among pilot, submersible-crew and support-vessel-diving-supervisor, unless operational procedures state that at least two people verify hatch position prior to initiating descent.
5.9 舱口开启位置的显示，报警和联锁
为防止驾驶员在舱口处于开启位置时开始下降，除驾驶员、潜水员和辅助船潜水监督员之间的正常检查程序外，还应提供以下内容，除非操作程序声明，至少有两个人需在开始下降之前检验舱口位置。
5.9.1 Display
A failsafe display is to be provided at the pilot stand and is to clearly show the position of the hatch covers.
5.9.1显示
在操舵台提供一个故障安全显示器，并清晰地显示舱口盖的位置。
5.9.2 Alarm
A visual and audible alarm is to be provided at the pilot stand and is to be activated at any attempt of the pilot to initiate descent with the hatch covers in the open position.
5.9.2报警
应在操舵台提供一个视觉和听觉警报器，当舱口盖处于打开位置而驾驶员试图开始下降时启动。
7 Windows and Viewports
Windows and viewports are to meet the applicable requirements of Section 7.
7 窗口和视口
窗口和视口应符合第7节的适用要求。
9 Exostructures
Exostructures are to be of adequate construction, consideration being given to their size and the loads which may be imposed upon them.
Loads to be considered include those which result from bottoming, striking objects, wave slap, bumping alongside the tender, and other loads resulting from being recovered in sea state 6 (see Appendix 3, Table 1). A lesser sea state may be considered when it is intended that the unit be operated with a launch and recovery system whose design parameters are less than sea state 6. Stress is not to exceed the allowable stress fa as obtained from the following equation:
where
f = critical or shear stress for buckling considerations, or
= minimum specified material yield stress
eta;e= usage factor as follows:
|
Type of Stress |
eta;e |
|
Compressive or shear buckling |
0.8 |
|
Axial and/or bending stresses |
0.8 |
|
Shear stresses |
0.85 |
9 外壳结构
考虑到它们的尺寸和施加于其的载荷，外壳应具有足够的结构。
需要考虑的荷载包括触底，撞击物体，波浪拍击，碰撞以及在6级海况下回收所产生的其他荷载（参见附录3，表1）。当该设备与设计参数低于6级海况的发射和回收系统一起运行时，可以考虑较小的海况。应力不得超过从下列等式得到的允许应力fa：
其中：
f =屈曲考虑的临界或剪切应力，或
=最小规定的材料屈服应力
eta;e =使用系数,如下：
|
压力类型 |
eta;e |
|
压缩或剪切屈曲 |
0.8 |
|
轴向和/或弯曲应力 |
0.8 |
|
剪应力 |
0.85 |
11 External Structures
External structures include all non-pressure retaining structures outside the pressure hull (e.g., floodable structures, supporting equipment and hydrodynamic fairings, submersible towers, wave splash plating, etc.).
External structures are to be of construction adequate to the function performed, consideration being given t
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