Yan W , Zhu Y , He J . Performance Analysis of a New Type of Automated Container Terminal[J]. International Journal of Hybrid Information Technology, 2014, 7.
Performance Analysis of a New Type of Automated Container
Terminal
Wei Yan1, Yishi Zhu1 and Junliang He1
1Engineering Research Center of Container Supply Chain Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, P. R. China weiyan@shmtu.edu.cn
Abstract
Container transportation has gradually become the main direction of the development of shipping today. With the ship#39;s large-scale, specialization and modernization the development of handling capacity of modern container terminal plays a key role in low-cost transportation, and efficient circulation. Automated container terminal can not only improve the utilization rate of equipment, reduce operating costs, but also greatly improves the efficiency of terminal. This paper analyzes the efficient and economical automation container terminal based on the frame-bridge handling technology of transport vehicles independently developed by the ZPMC And on this basis put forward the improvement of handling technology, and compare models created to validate the superiority of its improvement plan.
Keywords: Automated container terminal, multi-story frame bridge, handling technology, performance analysis
1. Introduction
With the container shipping volume increased significantly all over the world and the trend of large container ships, how to effectively improve the efficiency of stevedoring vessels, reducing operating costs has become the focus of the industry#39;s workers [1]. In this situation, planning personnel have also accepted the idea of automation container terminal design and many domestic and foreign experts and scholars who contribute positively to the automated terminal handling technology research has also focused on it, such as Zhu Minghua [2] analyzed in detail by double 40ft container gantry cranes, low bridges and rail distribution system consisting of a new type of handling technology in automatic container terminal. Analysis of operation characteristics of quayside and low-bridge loading and unloading operations of the new technology system, and calculate the operating efficiency of critical process equipments. Finally, the simulation proved its effectiveness. Liu C I [3] analyzed the worldwide major ports in the application of advanced handling equipment, and analyzed ZPMC independent research for efficient economical automated container terminals, AGVbased and ALV-based automated container terminal handling process by the simulation. Shi Fei, Zhang Xinyan, et al. [4] for the port#39;s future expected amount of work to calculate the automated container terminal handling equipment inside each number, and determine the overall layout of the pier, on the basis of the pier, the unloading processes were simulated, and verify that the average working time of unloading meet the pre-set amount of port operations. Wang Wei, et al. [5] based on the traditional container terminal handling technology, introduce the combination of line-based automated bridges and rail gantry.
Automatic carrier (AGV) cooperates with rail gantry crane; DRMG and CRMG based
ISSN: 1738-9968 IJHIT
Copyright ⓒ 2014 SERSC
handling technology of automated container terminal. Zhaoyan Hu [6] described a new type of structure, characteristics, work process of bridge crane, automated container stacking technology and some several key technical issues. Presents a new automated warehousing technology automated container handling technology. Lu Zhen, et al. [7] analyze two different kinds of automated container terminal, and transport systems were compared and analyzed by establishing evaluation index. Finally, advantages and disadvantages of these two solutions are verified by simulation. Hyo Young Bae [8] the level of transport system based on AGV and ALV are compared and analyzed. By adjusting the mechanical equipment operation rate obtain the compared model of these two transportation system. When the double trolley quayside container cranes are adopted, the efficiency of ALV is much higher than that of AGV.
Based on the previous studies, this paper presents a new type of horizontal transport system based on multi-layer frame bridge. Wharf Apron mainly utilize the combination of high and low frame bridges, and the yard also adopt multi-layers frame bridge. The transport vehicles can interfere with each other freely on these layers between the shore and yard. And in this transport system, the adjustment of the layout of the yard, to reduce the moving distance of the ARMG, so as to improve operating efficiency of the ARMG. It also can improve the utilization of the yard. Finally, through the case studies, obtain handling efficiency of these two terminals with the different layers of frame bridges, and prove that the new type of handing technology can improve the handling efficiency.
2. Automated Container Terminal Handling Technology Analysis
2.1. Design and layout
The new handing technology of the ACT is different from the technology developed by the ZPMC. Its frame bridge is multi-layered, the frame bridge layers coordinate with the number of transport vehicles each other in order to achieve maximum operational efficiency.
A half track layout scheme in each storage yard is not only occupying the yard space resource, but also hindering the travelling of horizontal transport equipment. The multilayer is set up to assure that the loading, unloading and collection operations are processing at the same
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一种新型自动化集装箱码头的性能分析
魏燕1,朱一石1,何俊良1
1上海海事大学集装箱供应链技术教育部工程研究中心,上海201306
摘要
集装箱运输已逐渐成为当今航运发展的主要方向。随着船舶的规模化、专业化和现代化,现代集装箱码头装卸能力的发展对低成本运输、高效流通起着至关重要的作用。自动化集装箱码头不仅可以提高设备利用率,降低运营成本,而且可以大大提高码头的效率。本文分析了基于ZPMC自主研发的运输车辆框架桥装卸技术的高效、经济的集装箱自动化码头,并在此基础上提出了装卸技术的改进,并对所建立的模型进行了比较,验证了改进方案的优越性。
关键词:集装箱自动化码头,多层框架桥,装卸技术,性能分析
1. 介绍
随着全球集装箱运量的大幅增长和大型集装箱船舶的发展趋势,如何有效提高装卸船舶的作业效率,降低作业成本已成为业界工作者关注的焦点[1]。在这种情况下,规划人员也接受了自动化集装箱码头设计的概念和国内外许多专家和学者积极贡献自动化终端处理技术研究也关注它,如朱,明华[2],详细分析了双40英尺集装箱门式起重机,低的桥梁和铁路配电系统组成的一种新型的处理技术在自动化集装箱码头。分析新工艺系统码头及低桥装卸作业特点,计算关键工艺设备的运行效率。最后通过仿真验证了该方法的有效性。Liu C I[3]分析了全球主要港口在先进装卸设备的应用,并分析了ZPMC自主研发的高效经济的集装箱自动化码头、基于agv和基于alv的集装箱自动化码头装卸过程仿真。范,张苑,等。[4]对港口的未来预期的工作量计算自动化集装箱码头装卸设备在每个数字,确定码头的总体布局,根据码头,卸货过程模拟和验证卸货的平均工作时间满足预设数量的港口业务。王伟等在传统集装箱码头装卸技术的基础上,介绍了基于线路的自动化桥梁与铁路龙门的结合。
自动载货汽车(AGV)与轨道龙门起重机合作;基于DRMG和CRMG的集装箱自动化码头装卸技术。介绍了一种新型桥式起重机的结构、特点、工作过程、集装箱自动堆垛技术等几个关键技术问题。提出了一种新的自动化仓储技术——集装箱自动装卸技术。陆震等人[7]分析了两种不同类型的自动化集装箱码头,并通过建立评价指标对运输系统进行了比较分析。最后,通过仿真验证了两种方案的优缺点。对比分析了基于AGV和ALV传输系统的Hyo Young Bae[8]的水平。通过调整机械设备的运行率,得到了两种运输系统的比较模型。采用双小车岸边集装箱起重机时,ALV的效率远远高于AGV。
在前人研究的基础上,提出了一种基于多层框架桥的新型水平交通系统。码头裙板主要采用高、低框架桥的组合,堆场也采用多层框架桥。在海岸和院子之间的这些层上,运输车辆可以自由地相互干扰。并在此运输系统中,调整了货场的布局,减小了臂架的移动距离,从而提高了臂架的运行效率。它还可以提高院子的利用率。最后,通过实例研究,得出了两种不同层架桥的码头装卸效率,并证明了新型装卸技术可以提高码头装卸效率。
2. 集装箱码头自动化装卸技术分析
2.1。设计和布局
该法的新工艺与ZPMC开发的工艺不同。其框架桥为多层结构,框架桥层与运输车辆的数量相互协调,以达到最大的运行效率。
各堆场半轨道布置方案不仅占用堆场空间资源,而且阻碍了水平运输设备的运行。多层设置,保证装卸、集料作业同时进行,运输车辆在行驶过程中不会对框架桥产生干扰,有效避免了中继作业,减小了桥车运行距离场。有效地避免了堆场起重机的继电运行,减小了堆场桥式起重机的运行距离。此外,还可以从前面选择多个运输通道到集装箱堆场区域。它有效地减少了等待的情况,从而减少了装卸时间。码头框架桥与堆场面积如图1所示:
图1所示。框架桥示意图
该方案采用左右堆垛方案,在码头与堆场之间设置多层框架桥轨,改善了堆场布局。如外部卡车可以不进入堆场就完成收集,它直接将集装箱放在堆场的后面,然后将车辆运送到内部堆场。设置在中间的堆场框架桥可以减小堆场起重机小车在水平方向上的移动距离。采用多层框架桥取代单轨一个半结构,提高了空间利用率,特别是当桥墩纵向长度较长时。新型自动化集装箱码头布局如图2所示:
图2。货柜码头布局
2.2。装卸技术介绍
以装卸过程为例,集装箱船舶靠泊时,起重机首先将集装箱从船舶上吊起,然后将集装箱送至起重机框架平台上,同时人工解锁集装箱锁(仅为自动化码头的人工操作)。然后由岸上小车将集装箱吊到低桥运输车辆(LV)上,将集装箱运至转运集装箱区域的指定位置,由低桥起重机负责将集装箱移至堆场运输车辆(YV)上。YV将容器放入码区指定的狭缝内。当堆场起重机到达时,集装箱将被运送到指定位置。加载和卸载过程类似于反向过程。一个装卸周期的流程图如图3所示。
图3。装卸流程图
集装箱自动化码头装卸运输设备如表1所示。码头岸采用双40英尺双小车集装箱起重机,也可抓取2个40英尺集装箱或8个20英尺集装箱。沿海岸线水平运输设备采用低桥吊和低桥运输车辆,垂直方向采用堆场运输车辆。后院采用龙门起重机。其设备参数如下:
表1。设备的参数
Type |
Equipment |
Running speed |
Acceleration time |
||||
Load lift |
Unload lift |
Trolley |
Crane |
Trolley |
Crane |
||
Lifting Equipment |
Dual 40ft QC |
1.25m/s |
30m/s |
4m/s |
0.75m/s |
6s |
6s |
YCs |
0.5m/s |
1m/s |
2m/s |
1.67m/s |
3s |
6s |
|
Low bridge crane |
0.5m/s |
1m/s |
2m/s |
6s |
|||
Horizontal transport vehicle |
LV |
5m/s / |
8s |
||||
YV |
5m/s |
8s |
2.3。处理技术特点
(1)在实际操作过程中,加载、卸载、收集、抓取是同时进行的。采用多层框架桥,运输车辆可在任意层间穿梭,避免了因设备运行而引起的等待问题。
(2)庭院空间利用率明显提高。堆场采用各块对称布置,在各块中间布置多层框架桥。这种布置不仅大大提高了仓储空间的利用率,而且减少了堆场起重机小车沿岸线平行方向的移动距离。
(3)外部货车在采集过程中不进入堆场,直接用堆场起重机将集装箱吊到堆场运输车辆上。因此堆场无需设置车道,不仅提高了堆场的利用率,降低了成本,而且有利于实现堆场的全自动运行。
3.性能分析
3.1。库存量比较
假设两幕的面积相等。两种自动化集装箱码头的堆场布局如图4所示。YCs的跨度宽度为W,块体的垂直长度为L,容器的长度为LTEU,容器的宽度和高度相等为WTEU。沿岸线集装箱数为W/WTEU;集装箱数量为L/LTEU垂直岸线。容器的数量是高度方向上的H。那么两个堆场包含的集装箱数量分别为:
其中CFB是指原方案的库容,CFB是指新型的库容。
图4。由两种块所包含的容器数
为了公平比较,两个ACT的间隔数相等,然后两个集装箱的存储容量比为
如果我们以一个街区内每排集装箱数量为14个,传统方案的年集装箱吞吐量为200万标准箱,新集装箱可容纳218万标准箱,堆存能力增加9%。
3.2。水平运输效率比较
(1)建立运输效率指标
为了完成集装箱装卸操作的循环过程,无论是装运还是卸载操作,都必须经历这个循环。所需的循环时间可表示为:Tc=hQC hYCS TYV TLV
其中,hqc代表qcs的处理时间以及qc完成操作的lvs等待时间。hycs表示ycs的处理时间以及yv等待yc完成操作的时间。tyv表示YV完成一个装卸周期的行驶时间,即tyv=2tyv wyv。TLV表示完成装卸作业循环的低压移动时间,即TLV=2tlv wlv。WYV和WLV是YV和LV等待TP的时间。循环可以分为两部分,一部分是YV完成一个工作循环,另一部分是LV完成一个工作循环。这两部分可以表示为:
OYV=2tYV wYV hYC
OLV=2tLV wLV hQC
计算tYV,它计算图5中两点之间的A和B距离。由于运输车辆在每个街区的框架桥旁的指定位置停放,应采用离散变量法计算期望值。实验室计算如下:
243/5000
式中n为岸线垂直方向集装箱数,n=L/LTEU;LFB为桥梁框架各柱宽,LFB=F/r;r为桥梁框架柱数,即dYV和drsquo;yv可以表示为:
- 计算tLV,假设吊装取发生在A点。任意点P到点A的运行距离为dLV, A和P分别有N种可能的位置,所以(A, P)有N2种可能。两点A、P的平均距离计算如下:
同样,我们也会:
根据公式tLV=dLV/vLV,可以得到tLV和。t #39;LV。
图5。dYV和dLV的计算
图6。d #39;YV和d #39;LV的计算
- 计算wLV的等待时间,将LV的运行过程简化为图7。建立了排队论来求解模型[9]。这个过程可以表示为M / M / S模型,第一个M意味着LV的到达过程(泊松)是泊松流,第二个M代表LV服务流程时间服从负指数分布,介绍了服务体系包括年代服务平台,sYV的层是铁路在院子里。
图7。lv的服务流程
根据M/M/S排队理论模型的平均等待时间公式,可以得到平均等待时间wLV:
式中,表示车场的交通强度;表示左室的平均到达率;t=2t yv hycs表示YV离开TP到再次到达TP的时间。
假设在较长的运行时间T内,一个LV完成的作业周期数为T/OLV。则框架桥每列循环总数为MLV·sLV·T / OLV,同时需要一个TP完成MLV·sLV·T / (MTP·OLV)循环。其中,MLV为各列各层LV的个数;sLV是岸桥的层数。通过以上分析可以得到LV的平均速率,即单位时间内LV到达TP的次数为:
交通强度·表示在一定时间内到达服务平台的物体数量t,可以表示为:
结合式(12)、式(13)和式(4),可以得到LV的等待时间,即wLV。
4)计算wYV,在长时间内,MYV·sYV·N YVs与MLV·r·sLV LVs的加载卸载完成周期应相等。由于各运输车辆的平均效率分别为1/OYV和1/OLV,则MYV·sYV·N /OYV =MLV·r·sLV /OLV。方程两边可以表示系统的水平传输效率,即MYV·sYV·N /(2tYV wYV hYC)= MLV·r·sLV /(2tLV wLV hQC)。由该方程可以得到wYV。
(2)水平输送效率比较
系统的水平输送效率可以表示为myv·syv·n/oyv和
mlv·r·slv/olv,olv=2tlv wlv hqc,则eta;rsquo;fb可表示为:
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