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Procedia Computer Science 46 (2015) 941 – 948

International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies (ICICT 2014)

Foundational UML Behavioral Specification with Java

Renu George^a,*, Philip Samuel^b,*

^aCollege of Engineering, Chengannur,689101,India

^bCochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi,682022, India

Abstract

An executable UML model has a detailed behavioural specification that enables it to run as a program. The detailed specification enables to test and validate the model independent of any implementation platform. The foundational UML (fUML) specification adopted in 2008 provided the first operational base semantics of activity modelling. Since the fUML specification did not provide any new concrete syntax, in order to execute the model one had to draw a very detailed activity diagram. This led to the development of a textual representation to specify the computations which led to the development of action language for foundational UML known as Alf. The UML behaviour specified using textual notation in Alf can be attached to a UML model at any place. Syntactically, Alf looks like C, C or Java and semantically it maps to the fUML subset. Alf provides an additional layer of abstraction. In this paper we demonstrate how Java can be used in place of Alf to specify detailed behaviour. Java is a popular high level language among developers and useful to the industry. Specifying UML behaviour with Javaavoids the extra burden of developers studying an unfamiliar new abstraction termed Alf.

copy; 2015copy;2014TheTheAuthorsAuthors.Published.PublishedbyElsevierbyElsevierB.V.BThis.V. is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommonsPeer-reviewunderresponsibility.org/licenses/byoforganizing-nc-nd/4.0/)committe.e of the International Conference on Information and Communication

PeerTechnologies-reviewunder(ICICTresponsibility2014). of organizing committee of the International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies (ICICT 2014)

Keywords:fUML;Alf; executableUML; lexical structure; parsing; UML behavior specification;

1. Introduction

Graphical modeling languagesare applied in system design and documentation. A widely used general purpose graphical modeling language is Unified Modeling Language (UML). Previously, the dynamic aspects of the system

Corresponding author. Tel.: 91-974-740-1150; 91-949-546-7252. E-mail address:renugeorge@ceconline.edu; philips@cusat.ac.in

1877-0509 copy; 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Peer-review under responsibility of organizing committee of the International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies (ICICT 2014) doi:10.1016/j.procs.2015.01.003

942 Renu George and Philip Samuel / Procedia Computer Science 46 (2015) 941 – 948

such as method bodies and exit/entry actions of state machines could not be described with UML, and natural language or an existing programming language had to be used to describe the dynamic aspects. The drawbacks of using these methods are 1) natural language is ambiguous and early system simulation and model checking may be affected by ambiguous descriptions 2) programming languages are usually implementation specific. To systematically build realisticbehaviour, precise action semantics has been incorporated into UML 2.0¹. UML can be made executable by making it more expressive in describing the dynamic aspects of the system².

A model is an abstraction of a system. It is hard to achieve consistency at the modeling level due to the abstraction gap between modeling and programming languages. Due to this gap native code need not be aware of the concepts defined in models ³. Models provide an abstraction of the system by omitting unnecessary details. Actions, algorithms and navigation paths cannot be described in detail by UML diagrams. Rules and constraints for building the model has to be described using some programming language or textual representation ⁴. Model aware action languages are developed to reduce the abstraction gap. The Action Language for Foundational UML (Alf) was defined by the Object Management Group (OMG) to reduce the gap. Models are primarily represented using graphical notations of UML. To describe the elements of the model and to specify executable behaviour, a UML action language is used ⁶. Alf acts as the surface notation for specifying executable behaviours within the model. A complete specification of behaviour and computation is required to specify full executability of the system. Using a textual notation it is easy to add detailed behaviour to models and to run models as programs thereby specifying full executability. The language is referred to as the Action Language for Foundational UML, Alf⁷.

In this paper we demonstrate that Java can be used to specify UML behaviour by comparing the lexical and syntactic constructs of Alf and Java. We show that the syntax of Alf closely resembles the syntax of Java language and the lexical constituents are also almost similar with a few exceptions. The compilation process in Alf maps the Alf behavioural specification either to a fUML model or to an executable code on a non UML platform whereas the compilation of a Java program produces an intermediate platform independent representation, the byte code.

2. Related Work

There are many papers related to the translational execution of Alf and the generation of code from desi

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