多档位通风窗及其控制系统设计外文翻译资料

 2022-12-21 16:45:14

1 ventilation window overall design

The multi-gear ventilation window uses 51 single-chip microcomputer as the main controller, and combines sensors, Wi-Fi ports and other equipment to design intelligent ventilation windows.

Its main function is: when a person needs to operate the window, only a simple three-position button can be used to control the electric window to open the window by 1/3, open 2/3 or close. . After accessing the network, you can also control through the smart life APP software, even if you are busy outside, you dont have to worry about sudden rain. Before the trip comes home, you can open the window in advance, ventilate and breathe, and you can breathe fresh air when you arrive home.

The venting window is also designed in manual mode, which can be manually switched by closing the switch. Avoid all kinds of troubles when power is off. At the same time, in the state of normal working, if the window is forced to open by human power, it will trigger the buzzer alarm in the system and have certain anti-theft function.

2 ventilation window hardware design

The choice of hardware is important for the entire venting window. To consider the problem of service life, such products are originally designed to facilitate life, and if the window is added with self-control equipment, the service life is reduced and the trouble is frequent. At the same time, it must also be based on the economic level, and it cannot lead to the overall price exceeding the range that the target group is willing to bear. The core processor of the ventilating window is 51 single-chip microcomputer, and the other includes a DC motor, a pressure sensing module, a buzzer and the like.

2.1 Core processor selection

The choice of core processor is very important, which is related to whether the system can achieve the desired goal. When choosing a core processor, not only the performance of the core processor, but also its economical or not, 51 microcontroller is best.

2.2 DC motor selection

The design of the stepper motor is used in this venting window, and the function of the motor is to drag the window. In this process, there is no need for the speed of the motor. Just consider whether the torque is large enough to drive the motor at a stable speed. Only in this way can the distance of the drag window be precisely controlled by controlling the length of the rotation time. It is also necessary to consider whether the noise of the motor is small enough and whether the motor is economical enough. Considering the need to meet the above conditions, the Jin Sanshi 42HS40 stepper motor was finally selected.

2.3 Sensor selection

In order to simplify the operating system of this ventilating window and to achieve one-click in place, it is chosen to install a pressure sensor at the right and the third bisector of the upper edge of the window frame, and select a design similar to a refrigerator light switch. In this way, when the window is opened to the sensor, the sensor can send a signal to confirm the action corresponding to the three gear buttons at the control end. Specific as shown in Table 1

Turn off 1st gear, open 1/3 or 2nd gear, open 2/3 or 3rd gear.

After considering this, the pressure sensor should be as small as possible, does not require fine pressure sensing capability, and only requires a signal that can be surely and stably. It is necessary to faithfully complete this simple task, considering the need to meet the above conditions. Finally, the Cartu electronic P11 mechanical pressure switch was selected.

2.4 Selection of Photosensitive Relay Module

The function of the photosensitive relay module is that after the darkness, there is no better illumination, the photosensitive relay will be turned on, so that the built-in light in the control button lights up, no brightness is needed, as long as the convenient person can determine the position and position of the button in the night. Just fine. The principle of the photorelay is that there is a photoresistor inside. When the intensity of the light changes, its resistance will also change, causing the change of the circuit current, causing the voltage change across the photorelay relay, and finally triggering the switch of the photorelay module. This design is essentially used to optimize the experience of this louver, and is not related to the overall control principle. Therefore, in order to meet the above functions, the LCRM01 type 1-way photorelay module [1] was selected.

2.5 Magnetic switch selection

The magnetic switch is placed on the side of the window and is essentially a design similar to an electromagnetic door lock. The principle of electromagnetization by electromagnet is used. When the current passes through the silicon steel sheet, it will generate strong gravitational force and tightly attract the adsorption iron plate to achieve the locking effect. When the power is cut off, the suction will be lost and it can be opened. This design has another advantage. When the product has been used for a while, the electrical part begins to show different degrees of aging. At this time, the motor can not accurately drag the window to close. Position, electromagnetic locks powerful gravitational force can help to close the window when there is still a small gap in the window frame, and correct the position of the toothed belt and gear that has deviated.

When the main control presses the 'close' button, the power is turned on. When the window moves to the point, the electromagnetic lock is directly sucked to achieve the purpose of automatically locking the window. When the other two buttons are pressed, the power is turned off, because the suction is released for a moment, it will not It has any influence on the opening of the window and is very convenient. The advantage of this design over traditional windows is that the one-button closing wi

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目 录

1 通风窗总体设计 1

2 通风窗硬件设计 2

2.1 核心处理器的选择 2

2.2 直流电机的选择 2

2.3 传感器的选择 2

2.4 光敏继电器模块的选择 3

2.5 磁性开关的选择 3

2.6 窗体框架结构设计 3

3 多档位通风窗程序编写 5

3.1 正常运行程序编辑 5

3.1.1 main.c 6

3.1.2 motor.c 9

3.1.3 uart.c 13

3.2 备用程序编辑 14

4 关于同思路相关产品的设计 15

4.1 自控百叶窗 15

4.2 自控扇形窗 15

5 结语 15

多档位通风窗及其控制系统设计

朱佳航

南京信息工程大学自动化学院,江苏 南京 210044

摘要:以51单片机为核心处理器的通风窗,相比市面上的其他智能化通风窗,拥有更多的优点,诸如更高占比的通风面,简单的操作系统以及能够更好地对智慧生活系统的适应性,为居家生活和建筑设计免去了许多烦恼。

关键词:核心处理器,多档位通风窗,总体框图

Design of multi-position ventilation window and its control system

Zhu Jiahang

Automated institute,NUIST,Nanjing 210044,China

Abstract:The ventilating window with 51 single-chip microcomputer as the core processor has more advantages than other intelligent ventilating windows on the market, such as a higher proportion of ventilation surface, simple operating system and better ability to live smarter. The adaptability has saved many troubles for home life and architectural design.

Key words:Core processor, multi-position venting window, overall block diagram

1 通风窗总体设计

多档位通风窗使用51单片机作为主控制器,结合传感器,Wi-Fi端口等设备进行设计的智能通风窗。

其主要功能为:当人需要对窗户进行操作时,仅需简单的三个档位按键,就能像控制电风扇一样使窗体做到打开1/3、打开2/3或是关闭的动作。在接入网络后,还可以通过智慧生活APP软件端控制,即使在外忙碌也不用担心突然的降雨。旅行归来到家之前也可以提前将窗打开,通风换气,到家也能呼吸到新鲜空气。

该通风窗也设计了手动模式,通过关闭开关可以手动开关窗户。避免了断电时的种种麻烦。同时,在通电正常工作的状态下,如果窗户遭受人力强行开启,会触发系统中的蜂鸣器警报,具有一定的防盗功能。

2 通风窗硬件设计

硬件的选择对于整个通风窗具有重要意义。要考虑使用寿命的问题,此类产品的设计初衷是为了方便生活,倘若因为窗户加上了自控设备导致使用寿命锐减麻烦频出那就本末倒置了。同时也要从经济层面出发,不能导致整体价格超出目标人群愿意承受的范围。该通风窗的核心处理器为51单片机,其他包括直流电机,压感模块,蜂鸣器等。

2.1 核心处理器的选择

核心处理器的选择非常重要,这关系着系统能否完成预期目标。在选择核心处理器时,不仅要考虑核心处理器的性能,还要考虑其经济实惠与否,51单片机最佳。

2.2 直流电机的选择

在此通风窗中使用了步进电机的设计,电机的作用是拖动窗户。在这个过程中并不需要电机转速有多快,仅需考虑其转矩是否足够大,能否稳定转速拖动电机,只有这样才能通过控制转动时间的长短来精确控制拖动窗户的距离。还需要考虑电机的噪音是否足够小,以及该电机是否足够经济实惠。考虑到需要满足上述条件,最终选择了金三士42HS40步进电机。

2.3 传感器的选择

为了简化此通风窗的操作系统,并且真正做到一键到位,所以选择在窗框上沿的右三等分点处和最末端处安装压力传感器,选择用类似于冰箱灯开关的设计。这样在窗户打开至传感器时,传感器能够发出信号来确认此时控制端的三个档位按键所对应的动作。具体如表1

关闭即1档,打开1/3即2档,打开2/3即3档。

关闭 按键

打开1/3按键

打开2/3按键

无压力传感器信号

电机正转2T

电机正转1T

电机不动作

节点传感器有信号

电机正转1T

电机不动作

电机反转1T

末端传感器有信号

电机不动作

电机反转1T

电机反转2T

表1(T为电机拖动窗户走完一面窗的距离的标准时间)

在如是考虑之后,此压力传感器应尽量小,不要求精细的压力感知能力,只要求能够确实、稳定的发出信号即可,要尽可能忠实的完成这最简单的任务,考虑到需要满足上述条件,最终选择了卡图电子P11机械式压力开关。

2.4 光敏继电器模块的选择

光敏继电器模块的作用是当天黑之后,没有比较好的照明的情况下,光敏继电器便会打开,使控制按键中内置的灯亮起来,无需亮度,只要方便人在黑夜中确定按键的位置以及档位即可。光敏继电器的原理是内部有一个光敏电阻,当光的强度变化时其电阻也会变化,从而引起电路电流的变化,遂引起光敏继电器两端电压的变化,并最终触发光敏继电器模块的开关。该设计本质上是用于优化此通风窗的使用体验的,于整体的控制原理等并无关联。因此为满足以上功能,选择了LCRM01型1路光敏继电器模块[1]

2.5 磁性开关的选择

磁性开关置于窗的侧边,本质上是与电磁门锁类似的设计。利用电磁铁通电生磁的原理,当电流通过硅钢片时,其会产生强大的引力紧紧吸住吸附铁板达到锁住的效果。当断电之后便会失去吸力,即可打开,这样的设计也有另一个好处,就是当产品已经使用过一段时间,电气部分开始出现不同程度的老化,此时电机已无法精确拖动窗户到关闭位置,电磁锁其强大的引力可以在窗体离窗框尚有微小缝隙时给予助力将其合上,并对已经偏离的齿带和齿轮位置进行矫正。

当主控按下“关闭”按键时通电,窗户移动至此时会直接吸住电磁锁,达到自动锁窗的目的,按下另外两个按键时断电,由于是一瞬间解除吸力,并不会对开窗有任何影响,十分便利。该设计较于传统窗户的优势在于一键关窗自动上锁,无需多余操作,缺点在于较依赖电力,不适用于常年断电的场所,经常出差给家里断电的人也不适合选择这款通风窗。

为满足以上功能,并考虑到经济实惠与否,最终选择了GSON-S628型号的电磁锁使用。

2.6 窗体框架结构设计

拥有了合适的控制模块,能够忠实实现动作、不产生多余的能耗和噪音,且自然美观的框架设计也是必要的。

首先,为了防止出现多个电机同时工作产生的误差导致窗体故障,我选择了单电机设计。三面窗中①号窗轨道是用来固定的,仅为方便安装服务,所以长度只有窗框长的1/3,安装好后的①号窗不能移动。②号窗的轨道有窗框长度的2/3,③号窗的轨道为窗框全长。

同时,窗户的边沿根据其在窗框中的位置设计了相应的结构来达成目标动作。③号窗下边沿附上了齿带,用于传动电机的齿轮。③号窗与②号窗之间的Z型卡勾式结构能够使③号窗从初始位置移动1/3时卡住②号窗,并拖动②号窗一起移动。也可以实现当③号窗从关闭的状态打开1/3时卡住②号窗,并拖动②号窗一同打开。该结构在①号窗与②号窗之间也有,不过在这两扇窗之间起到的作用只有使窗户在各种状态时、诸如关闭时能够更为紧凑,不留缝隙。因此结合处材料考虑选用硬橡胶,硬橡胶能保证承受、传递足够的力来满足③号窗拖动②号窗,也能满足窗与窗之间框接触时的紧密贴合。窗体整体设计和结合处结构俯视效果如图一和图二所示。

图一

图二

关于齿带与齿轮,如图三所示。

图三

齿带与③号窗的下沿相接,并有充分的重合部分以保证可以进行电机拖动。为了尽量减少误差,避免摩擦力等阻力对电机拖动的距离的准确度产生影响,应当尽量使齿轮的尺寸小且合适,这样能够最大限度的减小误差并充分利用电机的扭力。当电机旋转的时间越长,其启动到正常旋转的加速状态所占时间就越少,那么其带来的误差就越小。齿带采用的硬质节式设计,与卷帘门相似,并单独拥有轨道,以确保其在拖动窗户时不偏,在推动窗户时不折。这样的齿带与齿轮设计初步满足了通过简单的机械传动结构实现单电机完成目标动作。

关于轨道,同样为了减少摩擦力等阻力对电机转动时间的计算的影响,应当尽可能选用合适的设计和选材。在参考了诸多滑轨设计的推拉门以及窗户之后,想到了本产品采用的设计。凸型轨道和凹型窗体下沿,同时结合三面的滑轮设计,滑轮有两种选择,一种是位于窗户下沿的凹型结构的三边上,另一种是滑轮位于凸型轨道的上面和两侧面。三滑轮的设计不论哪种,承重的都是竖着的轴承,以及其中心的横梁。窗户由于需要减少加速的过程,需要在保证整体坚固的情况下尽量减轻重量。其用材的坚实程度肯定不及对重量没有要求的窗框。因此经过一段时间的使用,滑轮位于窗下沿的设计势必会比滑轮位于窗框轨道上的设计要产生更大的形变,这对于通风窗整体的正常工作会产生不小的影响。但是,也并不是前者就没有优势。当超过一段时间的使用后,产生形变是不可避免的,此时如果要对通风窗进行维修,滑轮位于窗下沿的设计仅需要更换窗户即可,而滑轮位于窗框轨道上的设计则需要对轨道进行整修。在探讨过后,这个问题得到了初步解决,那就是将滑轮部分作为额外的拼装部分进行设计。这样并不会对使用造成任何不利的影响,但是却能方便对这一相对易损耗部位的更换与维修,极大程度便利了售后服务。综上,选择相对寿命更久的滑轮位于窗框轨道上的设计作为最终方案。轨道上平面的滑轮采用尺寸合适的轴承,由于需要承担整个窗体的重量,轴承的质量需要非常过硬,并且能够保证长久的使用也不会对窗体结构造成形变,两侧采用表层为橡胶制的滑轮,便于窗户的安装和拆卸,同时减少轻微碰撞带来的冲击。有橡胶制的表层也能够更好的保护窗框与其接触的部分,并且免去了因为金属接触摩擦而产生的刺耳噪音,是非常适合的选择。这样滑轮内置在窗框下沿内,且轨道与窗户接触的部分也全部在内部,不易与风和阳光直接接触,寿命得到了极大提升,很长一段时间内摩擦力都不会成为问题。此种滑轮组均匀分布在轨道上,最长的③号窗的轨道每一个九等分点处都有一组,保证了窗户任何情况下下沿至少在三个滑轮组的支撑下进行移动。这种设计同时也避免了轨道滑轮部分和电机拖动部分产生冲突,互相影响正常的工作。滑轮组和轨道设计如下图所示:

图四

图五

3 多档位通风窗程序编写

3.1 正常运行程序编辑

硬件设备的完成需要控制程序才能正常运行,本款通风窗的运行逻辑为:当按下按键时,先对目前的窗体状态进行判断,通过确认压感传感器的信号来做到判断出目前的状态。此时,如果按下了“关闭”按键,处于打开2/3状态时会使电机正转10秒,处于打开1/3状态时会使电机正转5秒,处于关闭状态时则不会有动作。如果按下了“打开1/3”按键,处于打开2/3状态时会使电机正转5秒,处于打开1/3状态时不会有动作,处于关闭状态时会使电机反转5秒。如果按下了“打开2/3”按键,处于打开2/3状态时电机不会有动作,处于打开1/3状态时会使电机反转5秒,处于关闭状态时会使电机反转10秒。

同时,在按下了“关闭”按键后,位于窗侧的电磁锁会通电,吸附住关过来的窗户,完成锁窗。按下另外两个按键后,电磁锁会断电,完成开锁的操作,并且不会影响到正常的开窗。

电路设计十分简单,PCB板制作完成后由于时间和设备出入等原因只做到了将基本的程序写入。最终实现了备用方案。下图为电路设计

图六

3.1.1 main.c

#include lt;reg52.h

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