外文原文
Abstract Nowadays, numeric control systems or CNC systems are still mainly offered by specific manufacturers, which cannot meet the developing demand of modern technology toward openness, networking, and intelligence. With the decrease of chip cost, the improvement of its performance and the development of fieldbus technology, it becomes easier to develop an open, configurable and intelligent CNC system. In this paper, a new configuration-style CNC system architecture based on CANBUS is presented, including the building of its UML model, the design of communication protocol, the realization of system configures, and the design of software and hardware structures. Finally, an experiment based on configuration-style methods is presented.
Keywords CANBUS · CNC · Configuration-style · Fieldbus · Open architecture
1 Introduction
Numeric control systems or CNC systems have been mainly offered as closed manufacturer-specific solutions. Such systems are characterized as the fact that, on the one hand, function enlargements are not only impossible by oneself, but in a complicated way and mostly with the help of the manufacturer. On the other hand, a transition from a control system of one manufacturer to that of another manufacturer or even a transition between systems of one control family of a manufacturer is realized with great difficulties. As a result of the present situation, the demand for open control system is put forward.
Open architecture CNC systems not only can adapt to the developing demand of modern technology, which is able to reconfigure, change, and enlarge the system without redesign of hardware and software, but also makes it easy to assemble a CNC system with modular components from different vendors quickly. Therefore, it is of great significance in theory or in practice to study the architecture of an open CNC system and its key technologies. Some countries and organizations have taken corresponding actions to meet this demand [1, 2].
Since 1990, fieldbus technology has developed rapidly and now it has been applied in many different fields. Due to its superior performance, it is envisioned that fieldbus will be one of the leading technologies in the area of automation in this century. Then industrial control systems will change from distributed control systems (DCS) to fieldbus control systems [3–5].
CANBUS is a differential two wire serial bus that simplifies wiring, offers noise immunity, minimizes wrong connections and increases flexibility by allowing the simple addition of extra devices to the single cable. With CANBUS, the chances of breakdown are lowered, and the reliability of data exchanging between the machinersquo;s components and the control system is improved [6, 7].
In this paper, a new configuration-style CNC system based on CANBUS is studied, focusing on the configuration methods, hardware structure, software structure and communication protocol. Finally, an experiment is given to test the system.
2 Configuration-style CNC system architecture based on CANBUS
2.1 Hardware structure
In a general CNC, a motion control card is inserted into an industrial personal computer (IPC), and the card can control different numbersrsquo; aisles, varying from 2 to 16 or more. The communication between the motion control card and several servo controllers is through pulses or analog voltage and current. A special manufacturer designs this kind of structure, so repairing and re-configuring must be finished by the manufacturer. At the same time, the communication protocol is different from company to company, which adds great difficulties in putting different companiesrsquo; devices together. Furthermore, the transmitting data between servo drivers and the motion card are very limited. The motion control card only transmits pulses or analog signals to servo controllers, and IPC also gets little information about motors by some measure devices, such as encoders [1, 8].
However, in this structure of CNC system based on CAN-BUS, the motion control card in IPC is displaced with several digital signal processor (DSP) cards embedded in servo controllers. The not masking interrupt (NMI) from IPC is used to synchronize the several DSP cards. The communication between IPC and servo controllers is through CANBUS, which can transmit a lot of data in two directions and its communication protocol is public and standard. Thus, it gets much easier to repair, re-configure, and replace some components. Additionally, enough information does great good to watching and diagnosing. The new hard structure of configuration-style CNC system based on CANBUS is showed in Fig. 1.
2.2 Use case diagram
Based on the survey of open architecture systems and PC-based CNC systems, a software-type open architecture CNC system is the main mode of open architecture CNC systems in the future. Both the static and dynamic models of configuration-style CNC system architecture based on CANBUS are built with unified modeling language (UML) through object-oriented technology [9]. The use case diagram is shown in Fig. 2. In this figure, there are eight actors, an operator, a system administrator, a repair worker, a produce manager, a servo driver, an encoder input for device software, an input and an output for logic control, and different actors are relevant with different use cases.
2.3 Software structure
As a complete control system, it still needs the corresponding control software and human and machine inter
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外文原文
Abstract Nowadays, numeric control systems or CNC systems are still mainly offered by specific manufacturers, which cannot meet the developing demand of modern technology toward openness, networking, and intelligence. With the decrease of chip cost, the improvement of its performance and the development of fieldbus technology, it becomes easier to develop an open, configurable and intelligent CNC system. In this paper, a new configuration-style CNC system architecture based on CANBUS is presented, including the building of its UML model, the design of communication protocol, the realization of system configures, and the design of software and hardware structures. Finally, an experiment based on configuration-style methods is presented.
Keywords CANBUS · CNC · Configuration-style · Fieldbus · Open architecture
1 Introduction
Numeric control systems or CNC systems have been mainly offered as closed manufacturer-specific solutions. Such systems are characterized as the fact that, on the one hand, function enlargements are not only impossible by oneself, but in a complicated way and mostly with the help of the manufacturer. On the other hand, a transition from a control system of one manufacturer to that of another manufacturer or even a transition between systems of one control family of a manufacturer is realized with great difficulties. As a result of the present situation, the demand for open control system is put forward.
Open architecture CNC systems not only can adapt to the developing demand of modern technology, which is able to reconfigure, change, and enlarge the system without redesign of hardware and software, but also makes it easy to assemble a CNC system with modular components from different vendors quickly. Therefore, it is of great significance in theory or in practice to study the architecture of an open CNC system and its key technologies. Some countries and organizations have taken corresponding actions to meet this demand [1, 2].
Since 1990, fieldbus technology has developed rapidly and now it has been applied in many different fields. Due to its superior performance, it is envisioned that fieldbus will be one of the leading technologies in the area of automation in this century. Then industrial control systems will change from distributed control systems (DCS) to fieldbus control systems [3–5].
CANBUS is a differential two wire serial bus that simplifies wiring, offers noise immunity, minimizes wrong connections and increases flexibility by allowing the simple addition of extra devices to the single cable. With CANBUS, the chances of breakdown are lowered, and the reliability of data exchanging between the machinersquo;s components and the control system is improved [6, 7].
In this paper, a new configuration-style CNC system based on CANBUS is studied, focusing on the configuration methods, hardware structure, software structure and communication protocol. Finally, an experiment is given to test the system.
2 Configuration-style CNC system architecture based on CANBUS
2.1 Hardware structure
In a general CNC, a motion control card is inserted into an industrial personal computer (IPC), and the card can control different numbersrsquo; aisles, varying from 2 to 16 or more. The communication between the motion control card and several servo controllers is through pulses or analog voltage and current. A special manufacturer designs this kind of structure, so repairing and re-configuring must be finished by the manufacturer. At the same time, the communication protocol is different from company to company, which adds great difficulties in putting different companiesrsquo; devices together. Furthermore, the transmitting data between servo drivers and the motion card are very limited. The motion control card only transmits pulses or analog signals to servo controllers, and IPC also gets little information about motors by some measure devices, such as encoders [1, 8].
However, in this structure of CNC system based on CAN-BUS, the motion control card in IPC is displaced with several digital signal processor (DSP) cards embedded in servo controllers. The not masking interrupt (NMI) from IPC is used to synchronize the several DSP cards. The communication between IPC and servo controllers is through CANBUS, which can transmit a lot of data in two directions and its communication protocol is public and standard. Thus, it gets much easier to repair, re-configure, and replace some components. Additionally, enough information does great good to watching and diagnosing. The new hard structure of configuration-style CNC system based on CANBUS is showed in Fig. 1.
2.2 Use case diagram
Based on the survey of open architecture systems and PC-based CNC systems, a software-type open architecture CNC system is the main mode of open architecture CNC systems in the future. Both the static and dynamic models of configuration-style CNC system architecture based on CANBUS are built with unified modeling language (UML) through object-oriented technology [9]. The use case diagram is shown in Fig. 2. In this figure, there are eight actors, an operator, a system administrator, a repair worker, a produce manager, a servo driver, an encoder input for device software, an input and an output for logic control, and different actors are relevant with different use cases.
2.3 Software structure
As a complete control system, it still needs the corresponding control software and human and machine inte
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