Application of Electric Power Monitoring System Based on ZigBee Wireless Technology
Abstract
Electrical monitoring is the most important part of industrial production. With the increasing complexity of industrial production, the requirement of wireless industrial monitoring system is becoming higher and higher. In this context, the enhanced monitoring system based on ZigBee wireless industry research is of great significance. Compared with traditional wireless monitoring technology, ZigBee-based wireless monitoring system has more advantages. Strengthening the research on this technology is an inevitable choice to meet the requirements of actual industrial production. This paper will focus on ZigBee technology to explore how to improve the level of electrical control system.
introduce
With the rapid development of China#39;s economy and society, profound changes have taken place in industrial production. Monitoring system is very important to ensure the normal construction of industrial site, and it is of great significance to ensure the safety of construction. Under the background of people#39;s increasingly high demand for construction, traditional wireless monitoring seems to be difficult to meet the requirements of the development of the times. In the new situation, we must constantly innovate to achieve the rapid development of the industry. Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen the research of monitoring and control system and continuously improve the performance of monitoring system.
In the monitoring system, due to the limitation of environment and cost, it is often necessary to use wireless mode for data transmission and remote control. ZigBee technology provides a new idea for wireless monitoring system. ZigBee is an advanced technology. Strengthening the research of this technology is an effective measure to improve the technical level. ZigBee technology is especially suitable for the application of small amount of data, simple data format and inconvenient power supply. It needs to monitor the key points of distribution network cluster monitoring system.
Introduction of ZigBee Wireless Technology
When bees discover flowers, they use a special body language to inform their peers about the location of the newly discovered food source. This body language is ZigZag dance, a simple way to communicate information between bees. In this sense, Zigbee is named as a new generation of wireless communication technology. Before that, ZigBee was also known as 'HomeRF Lite', 'RF-EasyLink' or 'FireFly' radio technology, collectively known as ZigBee. Simply put, ZigBee is a highly reliable wireless data transmission network, similar to CDMA and GSM networks. ZigBee data transmission module is similar to mobile network base station. Communication distance ranges from standard 75m to several hundred meters and kilometers, and supports unlimited expansion. ZigBee is a wireless data transmission network platform consisting of up to 65535 wireless data transmission modules. Within the whole network scope, each ZigBee network data transmission module can communicate with each other, and the distance between each node can be expanded infinitely from the standard 75m. Unlike the CDMA network or GSM network of mobile communication, ZigBee network is mainly established for data transmission of industrial field automation control. Therefore, it must have the characteristics of simplicity, convenience, reliability and low price. The mobile communication network is mainly built for voice communication, and the value of each base station is generally more than one million yuan, while the value of each ZigBee 'base station' is less than 1000 yuan. Each ZigBee network node can not only be used as a monitoring object itself, for example, the sensors connected to it can directly collect and monitor data, but also automatically transfer data from other network nodes. In addition, each ZigBee network node (FFD) can also be wirelessly connected to several isolated sub-nodes (RFD) that do not undertake the task of network information transfer within the scope of their own signal coverage.
ZigBee is a wireless connection, which can work in 2.4 GHz (global popular), 868 MHz (European popular) and 915 MHz (American popular) bands. It has the highest transmission rates of 250 kbit/s, 20 kbit/s and 40 kbit/s, respectively. Its transmission distance is in the range of 10-75 m, but it can continue to increase. As a wireless communication technology, ZigBee has the following characteristics:
(1) Low power consumption: Due to the low transmission rate, the transmission power of ZigBee is only 1 mW, and the use of sleep mode, low power consumption, so the ZigBee equipment is very power-saving. It is estimated that the ZigBee device can last up to 6 months to 2 years with only two batteries, which is beyond the expectation of other wireless devices.
(2) Low cost: The initial cost of the ZigBee module is about $6, and it is estimated that it will soon fall to $1.5-2.5, and the ZigBee protocol is patent-free. Low cost is also a key factor for ZigBee.
(3) Short delay: communication delay and activation delay from dormancy state are very short, typical search device delay is 30 ms, dormancy activation delay is 15 ms, active device channel access delay is 15 ms. Therefore, ZigBee technology is suitable for wireless control applications with strict delay requirements, such as industrial control occasions.
(4) Large network capacity: a star-structured Zigbee network can accommodate up to 254
There are up to 100 ZigBee networks in one area, and the network composition is flexible.
(5) Reliability: Collision avoidance strategy is adopted, and special time slots are reserved for communication services requiring fixed bandwidth to avoid the competition
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基于ZigBee无线技术的电力监控系统应用
摘 要
电气监控是工业生产中最重要的部分，随着工业生产情况的日益复杂，对无线工业监控系统的要求也越来越高。在此背景下，基于ZigBee无线行业研究的强化监控系统具有重要意义。与传统无线监控技术相比，基于ZigBee的无线电监控系统具有更多优势。加强对该技术的研究是满足实际工业生产要求的必然选择。本文将围绕ZigBee技术展开探讨如何提升电气控制系统的水平。
介绍
随着中国经济社会的快速发展，工业生产发生了深刻的变化。监控系统对于保证正常建设工业现场至关重要，对确保施工安全具有重要意义。在人们对建设的要求越来越高的背景下，传统的无线监控似乎难以适应时代发展的要求，在新形势下必须不断创新，实现产业的快速发展。因此，加强监测和控制系统的研究，不断提高监测系统的性能具有重要意义。
在监控系统中，受环境和成本的限制，往往需要通过无线方式用于数据传输和远程控制。ZigBee技术为实现无线监控系统提供了新的思路。ZigBee是一种先进的技术，加强这项技术的研究是提高技术水平的有效措施。ZigBee技术特别适用于数据量少，数据格式简单，电源不方便的应用，需要监控配电网集群监控系统的要点。
ZigBee无线技术介绍
蜜蜂在发现花丛后会通过一种特殊的肢体语言来告知同伴新发现的食物源位置等信息，这种肢体语言就是ZigZag行舞蹈，是蜜蜂之间一种简单传达信息的方式。借此意义Zigbee作为新一代无线通讯技术的命名。在此之前ZigBee也被称为“HomeRF Lite”、“RF- EasyLink”或“fireFly”无线电技术，统称为ZigBee。简单的说，ZigBee是一种高可靠的无线数传网络，类似于CDMA和GSM网络。ZigBee数传模块类似于移动网络基站。通讯距离从标准的75m到几百米、几公里，并且支持无限扩展。ZigBee是一个由可多到65535个无线数传模块组成的一个无线数传网络平台，在整个网络范围内，每一个ZigBee网络数传模块之间可以相互通信，每个网络节点间的距离可以从标准的75m无限扩展。与移动通信的CDMA网或GSM网不同的是，ZigBee网络主要是为工业现场自动化控制数据传输而建立，因而，它必须具有简单，使用方便，工作可靠，价格低的特点。而移动通信网主要是为语音通信而建立，每个基站价值一般都在百万元人民币以上，而每个ZigBee“基站”却不到1000元人民币。每个ZigBee网络节点不仅本身可以作为监控对象，例如其所连接的传感器直接进行数据采集和监控，还可以自动中转别的网络节点传过来的数据资料。除此之外，每一个ZigBee网络节点(FFD)还可在自己信号覆盖的范围内，和多个不承担网络信息中转任务的孤立的子节点(RFD)无线连接。
ZigBee是一种无线连接，可工作在2.4GHz(全球流行)、868MHz(欧洲流行)和915 MHz(美国流行)3个频段上,分别具有最高250kbit/s、20kbit/s和40kbit/s的传输速率，它的传输距离在10-75m的范围内,但可以继续增加。作为一种无线通信技术，ZigBee具有如下特点：
(1) 低功耗: 由于ZigBee的传输速率低,发射功率仅为1mW,而且采用了休眠模式，功耗低,因此ZigBee设备非常省电。据估算，ZigBee设备仅靠两节5号电池就可以维持长达6个月到2年左右的使用时间,这是其它无线设备望尘莫及的。
(2) 成本低： ZigBee模块的初始成本在6美元左右，估计很快就能降到1.5—2.5美元, 并且ZigBee协议是免专利费的。低成本对于ZigBee也是一个关键的因素。
(3) 时延短: 通信时延和从休眠状态激活的时延都非常短，典型的搜索设备时延30ms,休眠激活的时延是15ms, 活动设备信道接入的时延为15ms。因此ZigBee技术适用于对时延要求苛刻的无线控制(如工业控制场合等)应用。
(4) 网络容量大： 一个星型结构的Zigbee网络最多可以容纳254
个从设备和一个主设备， 一个区域内可以同时存在最多100个ZigBee网络, 而且网络组成灵活。
(5) 可靠: 采取了碰撞避免策略，同时为需要固定带宽的通信业务预留了专用时隙,避开了发送数据的竞争和冲突。MAC层采用了完全确认的数据传输模式， 每个发送的数据包都必须等待接收方的确认信息。如果传输过程中出现问题可以进行重发。
(6) 安全： ZigBee提供了基于循环冗余校验(CRC)的数据包完整性检查功能,支持鉴权和认证， 采用了AES-128的加密算法,各个应用可以灵活确定其安全属性。
ZigBee标准定义了一种网络协议;该协议可以确保无线设备在低成本，低功耗和低数据速率的网络互操作性。ZigBee协议栈建立在IEEE 802.15.4标准的基础上，在802.15.4标准的基础上定义了MAC和PHY层协议标准。MAC和PHY层定义射频和相邻网络设备标准之间的通信。并通过高级应用规范，会话层，网络层，媒体访问控制层和物理层完成ZigBee协议。网络层协议之上应由ZigBee联盟制定。IEEE 15.4负责物理和媒体访问控制层。ZigBee技术在电力监控系统中发挥了重要作用，中间桥，终端和监控中心的数据传输基于ZigBee无线传感器网络，传感器网络的稳定性，可靠性和实时性能直接影响整体的整体性能监视系统。
ZigBee标准定制
IEEE组织早在2003年就开始制定IEEE802.15.4标准并发布，2006年进行标准更新，最新针对智能电网应用制定了IEEE802.15.4g标准，针对工业控制应用制定了IEEE802.15.4e标准。IEEE802.15.4系列标准属于物理层和MAC层标准，由于IEEE组织在无线领域的影响力，以及TI、ST、Ember、Freescale、NXP等著名芯片厂商的推动，该标准已经成为无线传感器网络领域的事实标准，符合该标准的芯片已经在各个行业得到广泛应用。
ZigBee联盟对ZigBee标准的制定：IEEE802.15.4的物理层、MAC层及数据链路层，标准已在2003年5月发布。ZigBee网络层、加密层及应用描述层的制定也取得了较大的进展。V1.0版本已经发布。其他应用领域及其相关的设备描述也会陆续发布。由于ZigBee不仅只是802.15.4的代名词，而且IEEE仅处理低级MAC层和物理层协议，因此ZigBee联盟对其网络层协议和API进行了标准化。完全协议用于一次可直接连接到一个设备的基本节点的4K字节或者作为Hub或路由器的协调器的32K字节。每个协调器可连接多达255个节点，而几个协调器则可形成一个网络，对路由传输的数目则没有限制。ZigBee联盟还开发了安全层，以保证这种便携设备不会意外泄漏其标识，而且这种利用网络的远距离传输不会被其它节点获得。
2001年8月，ZigBee Allia
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