Research on the cultivation path of smart home-based care service mode in Internet vision
Qingchao Peng
International Business School, Shaanxi Normal University, Xirsquo;an, Shaanxi, China
ABSTRACT: Home-based care for the aged is an effective method to solve the problem of caring the aged in China. This thesis analyzes some problems existing in the development of current home-based care service for the aged in our country and the positive effects brought by Internet in home-based care service. It proposes a new service mode of care for the aged--Internet home-based care service, and explains the establishment of this system and the responsibilities of the participants. Also, it explores the path to realize the establishment of Inter- net home-based care service mode so as to promote the healthy development of home-based care service in China.
Keywords: Internet ; home-based care for the aged; smart care for the aged; service mode of care for the aged
China is in the era of ageing and the problem of care for the aged has become a hot issue for our govern- ment and society to solve today. As home-based care service for the aged is in accordance with our national situation, it has become the main pattern of domestic care for the aged. However, therersquo;re many problems existing in current development of home-based care for the aged, especially its health management and informatization which constitute the foundation for information of remote medical care and mobile medi- cal care in the future. In recent years, the rapid devel- opment of Internet information technology has brought opportunities to public service from technical perspective, especially to the career of care for the aged. Hence, how to make use of the development opportunities brought by Internet and how to create a new service mode of Internet home-based care for the aged will be the key issues with great attention from academic school and governmental circle for research in the future.
- PROBLEMS EXISTING IN THE DEVELOPMENT CURRENT HOME-BASED CARE SERVICE MODE
- Mismatching between supply and demand of home-based care for the aged which is inconvenient and inflexible
The unique advantage of home-based care for the aged is its integration of family and community resources of care for the aged. Its offer of one-for-one or many-for-one door-to-door service has obtained recognition from the society and the aged.[1] Nevertheless, due to difficult information communication during practice, demands for care of the aged cannot be promptly delivered to day care centers, social workers or volunteers on time, resulting in low con- venience and flexibility in care service for the aged. For example, even if the elders succeed in announcing their demands fluently, day care centers have to prepare enough manpower and arrange appropriate time for door-to-door service which are the two main problems often occur in reality. The fundamental reasons for the occurrence of these problems include difficult information communication between the eldersrsquo; demands in care and the supply of care for the aged from community and unmatched care supply and demand caused by delayed information communication that result in failure of satisfying the eldersrsquo; demands promptly and on time.
- Care service for the aged is narrow in range; little in content; and insufficient in mental concern
In current mode of home-based care for the aged, the service types of day care are mainly about material life and are lack of health care and spiritual consolation regardless whether the service is door-to-door car
provided by personnel with professional training or by daycare centers. On the one hand, day care centers for the aged have little knowledge about each elder peoplersquo;s physical health indicators and are lack of effective measurement and detailed understanding of their demands in spiritual consolation, making it hard to provide precise health management and spiritual consolation service in practice. On the other hand, the eldersrsquo; demands in health care and spiritual consolation have been gradually increased. However, itrsquo;s impossible for them to deliver these demands to each nursing worker just once. As a result, their spiritual needs are always lack of satisfaction.
- Quality of home-based care service is hard to measure and the management efficiency is low
Current door-to-door service for the aged is as follows: at first, the elders ask for service to community. Then, community will appoint personnel for door-to- door service. In the next step, social workers will provide the service and return to community for filing. It is obvious that this process is incomplete. As a special kind of service, service for the aged shall have quality assurance which requires service assessment and feedback. Hence, new door-to-door service process shall be as follows: at first, the elders ask for service to community. Then, community will appoint personnel for door-to-door service. In the next step, social workers will provide the service and return to community for filing. At last, the elders having received the service will give service assessment and suggestion feedback. Current service process which is lack of assessment and on-time feedback mechanism has made it difficult for community and day care centers to master the quality and effect of service for the aged. Besides, it is also difficult for them to understand the eldersrsquo; follow-up demands. As a result, current process is bad for assessing social workerrsquo;s service level. In addition to the lack of clear assessment, training, incentive and management mechanism in community and day care centers, it is hard to improve service personnelrsquo;s quality and the level of service for the aged.
- NEW THOUGHTS ON PROMOTING INTERNET HOME-BASED CARE SERVICE DEVELOPMENT
In recent years, our internet
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外文文献翻译
互联网 视觉智能家居护理服务模式的培养路径研究
摘要：居家养老是解决我国养老问题的有效途径。本文分析了我国目前居家养老服务发展中存在的一些问题，以及互联网 在居家养老服务中的积极作用。提出了一种新的养老服务模式——互联网 居家养老服务，阐述了该系统的建立及参加者的责任。同时，探索了实现互联网 居家养老服务模式的路径，以促进我国居家养老服务的健康发展。
1 当前发展中存在的问题
1.1 居家养老供需不匹配、不方便、不灵活
居家养老的独特优势在于家庭和社区养老资源的整合。提供一对一或多对一上门服务得到了社会和老年人的认可[1]。然而，由于实践中信息沟通困难，对老年人的照顾需求不能及时地传递到日托中心、社会工作者或志愿者，造成不便和不便。养老服务的灵活性。例如，即使老年人能够流利地宣布他们的需求，日托中心也必须准备足够的人力和安排适当的时间进行上门服务，这是现实中经常出现的两个主要问题。造成这些问题的根本原因是：老年人的养老需求与社区养老服务供给之间的信息沟通困难，以及信息沟通滞后导致的养老服务供给与需求不匹配，不能及时满足老年人的需求、时间。
1.2 老年人保育服务范围狭窄、内容少
在目前的居家养老模式中，日托服务的类型主要是物质生活，无论是门到门的照护，都缺乏医疗保健和精神慰藉。由受过专业培训的人员或日托中心提供。一方面，老年日托中心对每个老年人的身体健康指标知之甚少，缺乏有效的测量方法，对老年人精神慰藉的需求缺乏详细的了解，难以在实践中提供精准的健康管理和精神慰藉服务。另一方面，老年人对医疗保健和精神慰藉的需求也逐渐增加。然而，他们不可能只向每个护理人员提出一次这些要求。因此，他们的精神需求总是缺乏满足感。
1.3 居家养老服务质量难以衡量、管理效率较低
目前面向老年人的上门服务主要有以下几个方面：先是老年人向社区要求服务；然后社区将指定上门服务人员；下一步由社会工作者将提供服务，并返回社区备案。很明显，这个过程是不完整的。老年服务作为一种特殊的服务，应具有质量保证，需要服务评价和反馈。因此，新的上门服务流程应如下：首先，老年人要求为社区服务；然后，社区将指定上门服务人员；下一步，社会工作者将提供服务，并返回社区备案；最后，接受服务的长者将给出服务评估和建议反馈。目前的服务流程缺乏评估和及时的反馈机制，使得社区和日托中心难以掌握老年人服务的质量和效果。此外，他们也很难理解长者的后续需求。因此，现行的社会工作者服务水平评估方法存在缺陷。社区和日托中心除了缺乏明确的考核、培训、激励和管理机制外，还难以提高服务人员的素质和老年服务水平。
2 促进互联网 居家养老服务发展的新思路
近年来，我国互联网技术得到了蓬勃发展。因此，互联网 改变并影响了许多行业；并且互联网 还为公共服务，特别是老年服务带来了机遇[2]通过改变信息沟通和转移模式，加强资源配置和整合，提高服务管理效率，解决了当前居家养老服务模式存在的各种问题。这必将为老年居家养老服务的发展提供革命性的变革。因此，互联网 与居家养老相结合，可能为居家养老健康发展带来新的方向。
2.1 互联网 家庭护理的核心理念
互联网 居家养老的本质是互联网与传统居家养老服务的结合。利用互联网等信息技术，为老年人提供全面、方便、灵活、及时、低成本的居家养老服[3]。互联网 居家养老的核心理念是以老年人为导向，运用互联网信息技术，探索更有价值的养老服务模式，更好地满足老年人的各项服务需求，促进居家养老服务的可持续健康发展。
2.2 “互联网 ”在家庭护理服务中带来的机遇和积极影响
首先，互联网 居家养老有利于解决当前居家养老信息沟通的困难，创造更好匹配的居家养老服务，有利于提高服务便利性和灵活性；全面提高服务质量；促进可持续健康发展。提供家庭护理服务。从需求的角度考虑，互联网 居家养老可以利用互联网的信息收集、信息存储和信息传播功能，为每个居家老人建立电子社会保险卡。有利于老年社区养老资源配置优化。从供需角度考虑，互联网 居家养老可以利用互联网的及时信息共享、信息交换和大数据分析功能，建立社区居家养老服务信息平台。通过及时收集和更新老年人的各种需求，互联网 家庭护理能够很好地配置资源，准确地提供各项护理服务，甚至可以为跨区域资源配置创造条件。
其次，互联网 居家养老有利于拓展项目，丰富老年居家养老服务内容。互联网 居家关怀在一定程度上也可以满足老年人的精神文化需求。第一，它有利于扩展传统的日常护理服务，如在线订餐、在线购物或在线维修请求；第二，有利于丰富护理服务内容。例如，可以根据信息专门为老年人创建健康管理系统、技术和互联网功能；第三，通过关怀服务信息平台，及时收集和反馈老年人的各种需求，有利于开展社区活动，满足老年人的精神慰藉。此外，还可以在互联网上创建专为老年人设计的精神生活栏目和情感热线，促进老年人之间的情感交流，提高老年人的精神满意度。〔4〕
最后，互联网 居家养老有利于形成居家养老服务的闭环，促进居家养老服务质量的持续提升，提高居家养老服务管理效率。未来，将通过互联网 建立社区护理服务信息平台，帮助社区及时接收老年人的服务需求。更重要的是，平台能够将被动变为主动。通过对老年人各项身体指标的分析，有助于将被动接受老年人服务请求转变为定期主动提供上门服务，从而大大提高服务质量。此外，通过互联网 带来的信息技术，可以及时收集和处理老年人的服务请求信息，并可以接受个性化、精准的护理服务。社区管理效率和社会工作者服务效率都可以得到很大的提高。
3 智慧家庭护理：实现互联网 家庭护理服务模式的路径
3.1 建立互联网 居家养老服务模式体系
首先，建立基础数据库系统。数据库系统为开展互联网 居家护理服务奠定了基础。一开始就需要建立一系列的基础数据库，因此，基于这些基本数据库的集成，可以建立一个系统的家庭护理服务信息平台，这将为后续护理服务的发展奠定基础。因此，应充分利用大数据技术，在政府统一规划下，通过引入企业合作开发各基础数据库系统，建立基础数据库。在预发送时，社区居家养老服务信息平台需要以下基础数据库：老年人基本情况数据库、老年人服务需求数据库、老年人电子健康档案数据库、社会资源共享数据库。当然，所有这些基础数据库应与社会保障、社会民政、社会财政等相关政府部门、金融机构、医疗机构相互沟通。数据应及时共享，相互理解。建立覆盖省、市、区、街道、社区的“五合一”家庭护理服务信息平台。
其次，建立老年服务子系统。根据服务类型，服务子系统一般包括服务需求收集与分类系统、生活护理服务管理系统、健康管理与服务管理系统、社区活动管理系统、精神慰藉服务管理系统、服务监督与评估系统、社区护理机构管理系统、社区医生管理系统、社区护理志愿者管理系统、政府养老金信息发布管理系统、紧急呼叫系统、风险防控系统等养老综合服务系统等等。显然，每个子系统都需要为老年人承担不同的服务负担，以便更好地满足老年人的需要。
最后，建立微观操作应用系统。在基本数据库系统和老年服务子系统建立完成后，所有这些系统都需要整合到一个统一的社区居家养老服务信息平台上进行现场操作。同时，还应为每个护理对象开发一个家庭护理服务操作平台，提供具体的护理服务。这两个操作系统需要在社区家庭服务信息平台上统一和集成。通过大数据分析和互联网互联，实现信息的实时交换和更新，创造一种新型的智
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