流行艺术和波普艺术在视觉上的错觉外文翻译资料

 2022-11-27 14:27:53

Visual illusion in ARTPOP and pop art

Akiyoshi KITAoKA

Ritsumeikan Uhiversity

ABSTRACT: It aims to research the application and integration of visual illusion art in graphic advertisement. It summa- rizes the artistic features of visual illusion from the angle of shape and color respectively. The practical significance and value of applying the visual illusion in graphic advertising are also discussed. It points out that by utilizing visual function and visual psychology properly and choosing the appropriate corresponding visual illusion pattern based on the adver- tisement contents aiming to convey, it could create a magical and plentiful visual effect and arouse peoples strong watching interest so as to achieve the purpose of having a favorable visual information transmission.

KEY WORDS: visual illusion; optical illusion; visual psychology; graphic advertisement

An apparent magic of art belonging to as the wrong phenomenon of modern science and technology crystallized and art, the importance it attaches to the subject of color, optics, and physics to explore the principle of forming a scintillator, radiation, rotating, mobile, asperities illusion of motion. In impressionism and neo-impressionist works, often able to find traces of visual magic arts. Impressionists often not reconcile pigment material, but with a primary-color dot almost juxtaposed on the canvas, stuffing. Such paintings are not easily distinguishable close-screen content when viewed up close, only far away from the screen to an appropriate distance, you can feel the flicker of light and color screen integration. Optical Illusion Art because it is constantly changing visual impression, rich, magical sense of visual magic, will produce a special kind of beauty in the visual, it can be enough to provoke a strong interest in viewing, which will undoubtedly meet the modern advertising to create a strong visual forms It needs. If the print ads can reasonably .clever use of visual magic graphics, the print ads will get more with less information transfer effect. Vibrations, rely mainly on the physical structure and color change is obtained.

1 Optical Illusion artistic expression in the form of organization

    1. The geometrical form of abstraction

Abstract geometrical form is one of the main manifestations of visual illusion art.Through the point, line, surface duplication, deformation, staggered, so that the plane figure rotation, distortion, vibration, stereo visual feeling. In view of such works, the viewers attention from the simple structure to the complex effect, and then the whole of the graphic grasp, easy to get psychological satisfaction. At the same time, the abstract geometry also shows a strong sense of rhythm and visual illusion, which brings an extraordinary visual effect to the visual communication design.

The Lichaux Jazz Festival poster (see Figure 1), designed by Swiss designer Nicolas Dross, borrows directly from the flickering grid illusion discovered by German visual scientist Michael Schroff and Leicester in 1997. The poster cleverly exploits when peoples eyes look around the image, at the junction of the White circle will appear a flash of the black spots of the visual characteristics, the text information scattered around the dots, as if these flashing black dots and text messages with the jazz melody constantly jump. The geometry of Nicolas Dross in this piece is not complicated, but his abstraction is not arbitrary, he abandoned the way of reproduction, the nature of the present in the eyes of the viewer, through Lenovos thinking and scientific way to accurately express the theme of jazz music, convey to people different visual feelings.

Fig.1 Jazz festival poster

    1. Image patterns of images

With the artists visual magic in the form of continuous exploration and mining, as the magic of the performance of an increasingly plural and diverse. Vibrations, both abstract geometric elements to the performance of an image may be expressed in the form of concrete.
Figurative image configuration is also carried out according to the principles of the constitution, as the magic of art scattered, Reconstruction and juxtaposition, so refreshing in form, expression closely on the content of the information conveyed, some just any explain in words psychological feelings visualization, allowing viewers to generate empathy, resonate, thus achieve the purpose of conveying information.

A cat food ad (see Figure 2), in order to show two different flavors of cat food, cat image designers will also be a two-in-process. A cat face appeared two pairs of upper and lower juxtaposed eyes. Look into the eyes of the AC visual habits in the face of an animal is no exception, repeated ad cats eye to get peoples attention constantly wandering up and down, floating in a specially arranged designers, people to see the art of giving people the most primitive also the most direct sense - in static and dynamic, to make it work is full of fun.

Fig.2 Cat food ads

2011 Cannes Advertising Festival Gold Award plane works (see Figure 3), is made by Bayer advertising cough medicine. In order to show 'The discomfort is not only yours' (Not only will you feel uncomfortable) theme, the designer added a lot of repetition of small photos in a full screen. Distribution of small photo seems to be no law at all, and will complete the big picture most of the block, let people watch them seem uncomfortable. The trick of advertisements is this: repeat those messy analog small picture when people cough shake and blurring of the line of sight, which allow people to experience the kind of familiar sick feeling. The picture is a working musical conductor, at this time if he coughs, then hands the baton I do not know what kind of action

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流行艺术和波普艺术在视觉上的错觉

Akiyoshi KITAoKA

立命馆大学

摘要:旨在研究在平面广告视觉上的错觉艺术的应用和集成。它summa- rizes视错觉的艺术特征从形状和颜色的分别的角度。的现实意义和应用在平面广告的视觉错觉的价值进行了讨论。它指出,通过利用视觉功能和视觉心理正常,并选择基础上,adver- tisement内容,旨在传达适当的相应视觉错觉的图案,它可以创建一个神奇而丰富的视觉效果,并引起人们的强烈关注兴趣,从而达到具有良好的视觉信息传输的目的。

关键词: 视觉错觉;光学错觉;视觉心理学;平面

视幻艺术属于视错现象的一种,是现代科学技术和艺术的结晶,它重视对色彩、光学、物理学等学科原理的探讨,形成闪烁、放射、旋转、流动、凹凸等运动幻觉。在印象主义和新印象主义的作品中,常常能找到视幻艺术的踪迹。印象派画家常常不去调和颜料,而是用几乎为原色的色点在画布上并置、堆砌。这样的画作近距近距离观看时不易分辨画面内容,只有远离画面到适当距离时,才能感受到画面光的闪烁和色的融合。视幻艺术由于它变幻无穷的视觉印象,丰富、神奇的视幻感,会在视觉上产生一种特殊的美感,能够激起人们浓厚的观看兴趣,这无疑满足了现代广告创造强烈视觉形态的需求。如果能在平面广告中合理巧妙地使用视幻图形,将会使平面广告获得事半功倍的信息传递效果。视幻效果主要依靠形体结构和色彩变化来获得。

1 视幻艺术表现中形的组织

    1. 抽象的几何形式

抽象的几何形是视幻艺术的主要表现形式之一。通过点、线、面的重复、变形、交错,使平面图形出现旋转、扭曲、颤动、立体的视觉感受。在观看此类作品时,观者的注意力从单纯的结构转到复杂的效果,然后再对图形的整体进行把握,容易得到心理的满足感。同时,抽象的几何形也表现出了强烈的节奏感和视幻感,为视觉传达设计带来了非同一般的视觉效果。

瑞士设计师尼古拉斯·卓斯乐所设计的维利绍爵士音乐节海报(见图 1),直接借用了德国视觉科学家迈克尔·施若夫和威斯特于 1997 年发现的闪烁网格幻觉。该海报巧妙地利用当人们的眼睛环顾图像时,连接处的白色圆形中就会出现一闪一闪的黑点的视幻特征,将文字信息错落地安置在圆点的周围,仿佛这些闪烁的黑点和文字信息也跟随着爵士音乐的旋律不断跳跃。尼古拉斯·卓斯乐在这张作品中所采用的几何式样并不复杂,但他的抽象不是随心所欲的,他摒弃了再现的方式,将自然界呈现于观者的眼前,通过联想的思维和科学的方式准确地表现了爵士音乐的主题,传达给人们不一样的视觉感受。

图 1 爵士音乐节海报

    1. 具象的图像形态

随着艺术家们对视幻形式不断探索与挖掘,视幻的表现日趋多元化、多样化。视幻效果既可以以抽象的几何元素来表现,也可以以具象的图像形态来表现。

具象的图像构成同样是根据视幻艺术的构成原理进行打散、重构与并置,使其在形式上令人耳目一新,在表达方式上紧扣传达信息的内容,将一些只可意会不可言传的心理感受视觉化,让观者产生感同身受,产生共鸣,进而达到传达信息的目的。

一则猫食广告(见图 2),为了表现出两种不同口味的猫食,设计者将猫的形象也进行了二合一的处理。一只猫脸上出现了两双上下并置的眼睛。交流时直视眼睛的视觉习惯面对动物时也不例外,广告中重复的猫眼让人们的视线不断地上下游移、浮动,在设计师的特意安排下,人们看到了艺术给予人的最原始也最直接的感觉——静止中的动感,使广告作品充满了趣味性。

图 2 猫食广告

2011 年戛纳广告节平面类金奖作品(见图 3),是为拜耳止咳药所做的广告。为了表现'The discomfort is not only yours'(不仅你会感到不适)的主题,设计师在一张完整的画面中加入了很多重复的小照片。小照片的分布似乎毫无规律可言,并将完整的大图片进行了大部分的遮挡,让人们观看起来似乎很不舒服。广告的巧妙之处正在于此:那些重复凌乱的小图片模拟了人们咳嗽时视线的抖动和模糊,让人们从中体验到了那种熟悉的生病感受。画面中是一个正在工作的音乐指挥家,如果他此时咳嗽的话,手中的指挥棒不知会出现什么样的动作,那将是音乐会的灾难。设计师通过这种诙谐、视幻的表现将广告的传达信息进行了独特的诠释,让作品焕发出强大的吸引力。

图 3 止咳药广告

2 视幻艺术表现中色的变幻

视幻艺术除了运用各种抽象几何形、具象形进行叠积、交错、反复、渐变等排列之外,还离不开色彩的参与。众所周知,色彩通过对视网膜的刺激,可以直接作用于人们的情感变化。因此在平面广告中,色彩的准确选择与使用至关重要。巧妙利用色彩的对比混合关系,利用色彩对人类心理的影响,使观者眼睛感知到的色彩与大自然中客观色彩产生认识差距,从而带来色彩的视幻错觉,将会使平面广告更加具有吸引力和传播力。

2.1 色彩的对比

色彩的对比是指色彩之间在色相、明度、纯度等方面相互影响而产生的视觉差异。尤其在眼睛同时接受到不同色彩并置的刺激时,视网膜会自动将同时对比的相邻色彩进行相互转换,将对方推向自己的补色。例如,当灰色与橙色并置时人们则会感觉灰色会偏蓝灰,蓝色正是橙色的补色。在平面广告的图形设计中,设计师常常会利用色彩的同时对比,使观者产生视幻效果来达到传达信息的目的。

某爵士乐队海报(见图4),大块的红与绿勾勒出了鳄鱼的形象。设计师有意选择红绿两个补色等面积并置,在视错觉的作用下,红的更红,绿的更绿,两色之间形成了强烈的对比关系,使得海报艳丽而醒目。两色对比时,往往在其边缘部分对比效果最为强烈,色块边缘会因为对比度不同而产生一种阴影或是光亮眩目的错觉现象。在这张海报中也不例外,鳄鱼的轮廓处耀眼的边线同样很容易让观者感知到这种视幻效果。

图 4 爵士乐队海报

1996年维利绍爵士音乐节海报(见图5),则是将黄、红、绿、蓝小方块放置在黑色底上,充分利用了颜色之间的冷暖对比和颜色的进退感。设计师巧妙地运用色彩的这种特性,用色彩纯度的变化表现出空间感,使得这些色块在画面中似乎跳动不定,忽明忽暗,让人们很容易联想到随音乐的节奏而闪烁的彩灯。

图5 1996 年维利绍爵士音乐节海报

2.2 色彩的混合

并置的色彩面积偏小时,眼睛的视网膜会不由自主地进行视觉混合,产生色彩同化现象。即便画面中使用了大量非常鲜艳的红色和绿色小点,但人们的观看距离适当时,也会在观者的眼中混合和成了一种宁静的灰调或金黄。印象派的点彩画就是利用人眼的这种机能,将各种纯色小点并置构成画面,形成色彩的空间混合效果。2005年维利绍爵士音乐节海报(见图6)同样采用红绿两个对立的补色进行设计。在这张作品中,设计师用红、绿两色分别造型,并在其中穿插黑白线条。红色图形在黑白色线条的衬托下最为醒目,绿色图形相比之下则显得虚柔,当两个图形在人物身体部分的重合与并置时,红与绿两色在视网膜上复合成了金黄色的幻觉,仿佛使人们感觉到了光的闪烁。人们从最初对红色图形的把握到最后对绿色图形的辨识,这种虚与实的对比与转换,引导着人们观看的进一步深入。不但增强了人物姿态的动感,造成人们视觉上的恍惚感,还生动地诠释了爵士音乐会的主题。

图 6 2005 年维利绍爵士音乐节海报

2003年维利绍爵士音乐节海报(见图7)中红、黄、蓝三原色就是进行了很巧妙地空间混合。黄色的底上分别交叉并置着红色和蓝色文字。当人们近距离观看时,因为原色的强对比性让文字依然保持着很高的识别度,而当观众远离画面时,会看到色彩相当明显地融合变化:画面左侧红色文字与黄底融合出橘红色,画面右侧的蓝色文字与黄底融合出绿色,在画面的中央红色文字与蓝色文字混合出了紫色,然后红、黄、蓝共同又混合出深灰色。可见这种色彩混合产生了相当丰富的色彩变化。

图 7 2003 年维利绍爵士音乐节海报

3 结语

广告作品中无论是巧妙的形式构成还是变化无穷的色彩组合,其所营造出的视幻感,完全得益于人们视网膜的全力配合。当观者在作品左右前后移动时,观者的视觉中枢被刺激后,就在生理平衡协调中暗中协助了这些作品发挥它们的视幻感。由此可见,在平面广告中,合理地运用人的视觉机能和视觉心理,根据传达的内容有针对性地选择相应的视幻错觉形式,就能创造出神奇而丰富的视觉效果,从而达到视觉信息良好传递的目的。当然,需要注意的是,视幻艺术家在创作作品时往往仅强调如何引起观者的观看注意,强调观者超乎寻常的视觉体验。作品并不需表达具体的事物,也不需传达明确的意图。但是广告设计师在运用视幻艺术时必须形式为内容服务,除了吸引观者的注意,还必须能准确快速地传递信息。否则如果过分地追求形式对视觉的强烈刺激而忽略设计的真正目的,将会使观者不知所云。

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