基于BIM的住宅辅助材料计算方法外文翻译资料

 2022-04-05 21:01:08

Automation in Construction 78 (2017) 62–82

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

Automation in Construction

j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / a u t c o n

BIM-based method calculation of auxiliary materials required in housing construction

Haitao Wei a, Shunyi Zheng a,b, , Like Zhao a, Rongyong Huang c

  1. School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Hubei 430079, China
  2. Collaborative Innovation Center for Geospatial Technology, Wuhan University, Hubei 430079, China
  3. School of Marine Sciences, GuangXi University, Nanning 530004, China

a r t i c l e i n f o

Article history:

Received 3 June 2016

Received in revised form 19 January 2017 Accepted 25 January 2017 Available online 7 February 2017

Keywords:

BIM

Auxiliary material

Template

Runner channel

Split bolt

Support frame

Auxiliary material management model zgBIMs

a b s t r a c t

To address the problems of budgetary inaccuracy, the lack of comprehensive or high-level management, and the existence of serious waste of auxiliary materials during the main construction phase of housing construction, a BIM-based method for calculating the auxiliary materials required for housing construction is proposed in this paper. The BIM model is firstly built according to structural construction drawings, the construction scheme and the construction specification and technology in the main structure construction stage; then, the usage of auxiliary materials is calculated, and the auxiliary material dosage report, construction drawings, and processing drawings are generated for purchasing, collectively processing auxiliary material and guiding construction at the same time. This paper improves upon the traditional auxiliary material management model and design via the implementation of a BIM application named zgBIMs according to the proposed method. The improved manage-ment model uses the generated auxiliary material dosage report, construction drawings, and processing draw-ings to centralize the processing of the required auxiliary materials, strengthen supervision in the process of material distribution and construction, and introduce a reward and punishment mechanism to control the attri-tion rate of auxiliary materials. In this paper, the successful implementation of the presented method and man-agement model is demonstrated as part of a comprehensive and experimental building project. The experimental results show that the proposed method can be used for the accurate calculation of the amounts of auxiliary ma-terials required to reduce the use and waste of auxiliary materials efficiently and thus save construction costs.

copy; 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

1. Introduction

The primary materials used in housing construction are steel, ce-ment, concrete, sand and stone. Gravel, support frames, scaffolding, templates, primary and secondary runner channels, split bolts, emery cloth, cotton and ramie fabric, electrodes and linoleum are all examples of auxiliary materials [11,37]. In this paper, the term “auxiliary building materials” denotes wooden templates, primary and secondary runner channels and support frames, which are widely used in housing con-struction and account for approximately 4–6% of the total cost of the main engineering work required for housing construction in China [10].

1.1. Research background

Because the construction industry consumes large amounts of natu-ral resources and energy, it must fulfill global criteria for sustainable

Corresponding author at: School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, 129 Luo Yu Road, Wuhan 430079, China.

E-mail address: whu_wei@163.com (S. Zheng).

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2017.01.022 0926-5805/copy; 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

development through “green” buildings and construction. Green con-struction is now the main direction of development in the construction industry. Green construction involves conserving resources and reduc-ing waste as much as possible while still ensuring project quality and safety [9]. To satisfy the requirements of green construction and sustain-able development through the appropriate use of environmental re-sources while still maintaining project profitability and company competitiveness, increasing emphasis is placed on “delicacy” manage-ment [18,32] in building construction.

Nevertheless, the findings reported in this paper indicate that China#39;s housing-construction enterprises face the following common problems in the main construction phase.

  1. A lack of tools for accurately calculating auxiliary-material re-quirements. Most enterprises calculate auxiliary materials manually, with results that differ considerably from the actual amount required (here referred to as the “actual dosage”). This difference increases costs for enterprises and places great pressure on warehouses, transportation and rental, es-pecially for overseas construction projects (which require auxiliary materials to be shipped from national to local

H. Wei et al. / Automation in Construction 78 (2017) 62–82

63

Fig. 1. Pro

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Automation in Construction 78 (2017) 62–82

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

自动化建设

j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / a u t c o n

基于BIM的住宅辅助材料计算方法

Haitao Wei a, Shunyi Zheng a,b, , Like Zhao a, Rongyong Huang c

  1. School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Hubei 430079, China
  2. Collaborative Innovation Center for Geospatial Technology, Wuhan University, Hubei 430079, China
  3. School of Marine Sciences, GuangXi University, Nanning 530004, China

a r t i c l e i n f o

文章历史:

2016年6月3日收到

2017年1月19日收到的修改形式2017年1月25日接收在线2017年2月27日

关键词:

BIM

辅助材料

模板

流道

对拉螺栓

支撑板

辅助材料的管理模式 zgBIMs

摘要

针对住房建设主要施工阶段存在预算不准确、缺乏综合性、高层次管理以及辅助材料严重浪费等问题,提出了一种基于BIM的住宅建设所需辅助材料的计算方法。BIM模型首先建立根据结构施工图纸,施工方案及主要结构施工阶段的施工规范和技术;然后,辅助材料的用量计算,及辅助材料用量报告、施工图纸、加工图纸生成采购、集中加工辅助材料的同时时间指导施工。本文改进了传统的辅助材料管理模型和设计通过一个BIM应用命名zgbims根据所提出的方法的实施。改进管理模式使用生成的辅助材料用量报告、施工图纸、加工线画集中所需辅助材料的处理,加强对材料的布局和建设过程的监督,并引入奖惩机制,控制辅助材料的属性率。本文介绍了该方法和管理模型的成功实施,并将其作为综合性和实验性建筑项目的一部分加以论证。实验结果表明,该方法可用于精确计算的量的辅助材料,要求减少使用和浪费的辅助材料,有效节约建设成本。

copy; 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

1.引言

住宅建筑的原材料是钢材、混凝土、砂、石。砾石、支架、脚手架、模板、一级和二级运动员通道,对拉螺栓、砂布、棉、麻织物、电极和油布都是辅助材料为[11、37 ]的例子。在本文中,术语“辅助材料”指的是木模板,小学和中学的运动员通道和支撑架,可广泛应用于住宅建筑,约4–6%在中国住房建设所需的主要工程总成本帐户。 [10].

1.1.研究背景

由于建筑业消耗大量的自然资源和能源,它必须满足可持续的全球标准

.通讯作者:遥感信息工程学院,武汉大学,129珞喻路,武汉430079,中国

E-mail address: whu_wei@163.com (S. Zheng).

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2017.01.022 0926-5805/copy; 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

绿色建筑与建筑的发展。绿色建筑是当今建筑业发展的主要方向。绿色建筑涉及到节约资源和减少废物尽可能多的同时仍然保证工程质量和安全 [9]. 为了满足绿色建筑的要求和可持续发展的环境资源的合理使用的同时仍然保持项目的盈利能力和企业的竞争力,越来越多的重点放在“精细化”管理[ 18,32 ]建筑。

然而,本文报道的研究结果表明,中国的住宅建设企业面临以下共同问题在主体施工阶段。

  1. 为准确计算辅助材料的要求缺乏工具。大多数企业手工计算辅助材料,其结果与实际需要量相差很大(这里称为“实际剂量”)。这种差异增加成本为企业和地方的仓库,巨大的压力,交通和出租,特别对于海外工程项目(需要辅助材料将从国家到localsettings,由于施工工艺和工人的施工习惯不同)。

H. Wei et al. / Automation in Construction 78 (2017) 62–82

63

Fig. 1. Process of calculating auxiliary materials.

.

  1. 由于缺乏精细管理,辅助材料受到“粗放式”管理。它是管理者要求工人进行施工,根据精细化管理原则的困难,工人可以把辅助材料随机在加工和施工。这不仅造成了巨大的浪费,增加了风险,而且增加了返工率和施工成本。

1.2. BIM及其在住宅建设中的应用

BIM是基于三维(3D)数字技术和底蕴,所有的信息都在建设项目全生命周期,提供与项目相关的信息详细表达[ 26,38,41 ]。随着BIM技术的不断发展,该技术在住宅建设中的应用越来越广泛。研究表明,在设计阶段,BIM技术可以用来把参与住房建设的各方统一起来。

Fig. 2. BIM model.

64 H. Wei et al. / Automation in Construction 78 (2017) 62–82

Fig. 3. Setting attributes of wall and wall models by parametric building modeling. a. Setting wall attributes: blue text indicates public properties; the remainder are private properties. b.

Wall models created by parametric building modeling.

Fig. 4. Conversion process of the BIM model based on IFC.

H. Wei et al. / Automation in Construction 78 (2017) 62–82

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Fig. 5. Calculation method for the intersection of a wall and beam.

设计环境,从而降低风险的“信息孤岛”和设计冲突由于不同的优先级和或误传[ 14,17,20,31 ]。这提高了建筑设计质量,最小化

以后设计变更的需要 [4]. 此外,基于BIM的工程预算分析更高效、灵活和准确的比常规预算程序[ 21,27 ]。在

Fig. 6. Calculation method for the beam.

66 H. Wei et al. / Automation in Construction 78 (2017) 62–82

Fig. 7. Template-construction schematic.

施工阶段,BIM技术可以动态地管理整个施工过程 [2],提高施工质量[ 7, 39 ],降低施工成本,加快施工进度[3]大大降低未来楼宇维修成本 [34].

BIM的使用对房屋建筑有许多好处。迄今为止,研究住房建筑BIM的研究人员主要集中在建筑设计、施工过程监督、安全和项目成本估算等方面。然而,使用BIM精确计算辅助材料的要求和协助辅料精致管理没有得到重视。因此,有必要研究辅助材料的计算方法。[6,40].

1.3. 主要研究内容和目标

本研究的目的是用于计算基于给定的住宅建设和住宅建设技术规范房屋建筑主体施工阶段所需的辅助材料,提出并验证了基于BIM的方法。精确计算辅助材料的要求,降低了施工企业的辅助材料的成本,有助于实现“零库存管理”的辅助材料,并最终减少了辅助材料的购买量,节约建设成本。

此外,所提出的BIM方法可用于生成辅助材料的加工和施工图,使管理人员能够指导施工人员在施工和施工过程中完成任务。辅助材料的集中处理提高了利用率,防止了切割长管和将细木料放在小规模使用中的问题,最大限度的存在减少了辅助材料的浪费。最后,提出的模型和管理模型有助于建筑企业完善辅助材料管理,实现绿色施工。

这项研究有四个主要组成部分。

  • 在住宅建设的主要施工阶段,开发基于BIM的房屋建筑规范和住宅施工技术,精确计算房屋建筑的辅助材料,以解决辅助材料的问题。
  • 研究一种新的辅助材料管理模型,根据所提出的方法,帮助企业实现对辅助材料的精细管理。
  • 设计和实施一种名为zgBIMs的应用程序,可精确计算所需辅助材料的数量。
  • 对山西农业大学综合实验建筑项目的方法和管理模式进行验证。

2.辅助材料的计算方法

首先,有必要建立基于结构设计工作图的建筑构件BIM模型,并对其进行结构设计。

Fig. 8. Template deployment (black for holes, red for templates).

Fig. 9. Template-splitting method due to holes within the template.

H. Wei et al. / Automation in Construction 78 (2017) 62–82

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Fig. 10. Adjustment of template-deployment scheme. a. Preliminary scheme for template deployment. b. Scheme for template deployment after adjustment.

Fig. 11. Adjacent AB templates.

规范和技术及建筑工程方案。其次,利用BIM模型和综合建筑信息计算辅助材料需求。最后,应生成一份辅助材料需求报告和相关的处理和结构图纸,使管理人员能够巧妙地管理辅助材料。计算过程如图1所示。

2.1. BIM 模型

2.1.1.模型描述

根据建模方法,可以将三维模型分为线框模型、曲面模型或实体模型。作为辅助材料,主要用于建筑构件表面和表面

模型具有最高的绘制效率,本文采用曲面建模方法对模型进行建模。约束的Delaunay三角剖分[29,36]用于构建建筑模型的表面,从而描述建筑物中的洞[8,30,35]。为了使模型的编辑和管理,它们的属性被划分为三类:私有属性、公共属性和计算规则属性。私有属性是特定于给定组件的,而私有属性的变化只影响组件的当前状态,而公共属性对于具有相同结构的所有组件是通用的。例如,墙的类别和建筑中使用的材料和做法是公共属性,墙的立面、颜色、标签和透明度是私有财产。计算规则属性是辅助材料计算的规则。

Fig. 12. Stitching templates.

68 H. Wei et al. / Automation in Construction 78 (2017) 62–82

Fig. 13. Templa

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