Beam Bridges
General Description
Simple in structure, convenient to fabricate and erect, easy to maintain, and with less construction time and low cost, beam structures have found wide application in short- to medium-span bridges. In 1937, over the Qiantang River, in the city of Hangzhou, a railway-highway bipurpose bridge was erected , with a total length of 1453 m, the longest span being 67 m. When completed, it was a remarkable milestone of the beam bridge designed and built by Chinese engineers themselves.
Reinforced concrete beam structures are most commonly used for short- to medium-span bridges. A representative masterpiece is the Rong River Bridge completed in 1964 in the city of Nanning, the capital of Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region. The bridge, with a main span of 55 m and a cross section of a thin-walled box with continuous cells, designed in accordance with closed thin- walled member theory, is the first of its kind in China.
Prestressed concrete beam bridges are a new type of structure. China began to research and develop their construction in the 1950s. In early 1956, a simply supported prestressed concrete beam railway bridge with a main span of 23.9 m was erected over the Xinyi River along the Longhai Railway. Completed at the same time, the first prestressed concrete highway bridge was the Jingzhou Highway Bridge. The longest simply supported prestressed concrete beam which reaches 62 m in span is the Feiyun River Bridge in Ruanrsquo;an, Zhejiang Province, built in 1988. Another example is the 4475.09-m Yellow River Bridge, built in the city of Kaifeng, Henan Province in 1989. Its 77 spans are 50-m simply supported prestressed concrete beams and its continuous deck extends to 450 m. It is also noticeable that the Kaifeng Yellow River Bridge is designed on the basis of partially prestressed concrete theory. Representative of prestressed concrete continuous girder railway bridges, the second Qiantang River Bridge (completed in 1991) boasts its large span and its great length, its main span being 80 m long and continuous over 18 spans. Its erection was an arduous task as the piers were subjected to a wave height of 1.96 m and a tidal pressure of 32 kPa when under construction. The extensive construction of continuous beam bridges has led to the appli- cation of the incremental launching method especially to straight and plane curved bridges. In addition, large capacity (500-t) floating crane installation and movable slip forms as well as span erection schemes have also attained remarkable advancement.
Beam bridges are also used widely in overcrossings. In the 1980s, with the growth of urban construction and the development of highway transportation, numerous elevated freeways were built, which provide great traffic capacity and allow high vehicle speed, for instance, Beijingrsquo;s Second and Third Freeway and East City Freeway, the Intermediate and Outer Freeway in Tianjin, and Guangzhoursquo;s Inner and Outer Freeway and viaduct. In Shanghai, the elevated inner beltway was completed in 1996. Subsequently, there has appeared an upsurge of erecting different-sized grade separation structures on urban main streets and express highways. Uutil now, in Beijing alone, 80-odd large overcrossings have been erected, which makes the city rank the first in the whole country in number and scale.
To optimize the bridge configuration, to reduce the peak moment value at supports, and to minimize the constructional depth of girders, V-shaped or Y-shaped piers are developed for pre- stressed concrete continuous beam, cantilever, or rigid frame bridges. The prominent examples are the Zhongxiao Bridge (1981) in Taiwan Province and the Lijiang Bridge (1987) at Zhishan in the city of Guilin.
Examples of Beam Bridges
Kaifeng Yellow River Bridge
Kaifeng Yellow River Bridge (Figure 63.4) is an extra large highway bridge, located at the northwest part of Kaifeng City, Henan Province. It consists of 108 spans (77 50 31 20) m, its total length reaching 4475.09 m.
Simply supported prestressed concrete T-girders are adopted for its superstructure. The deck is
-
- m wide, including 12.3 m for motor vehicle traffic and two sidewalks 3.1 m wide each on both sides. Substructure applies single-row double-column piers, which rest on 2200-mm large-diameter bored pile foundations.
The bridge is of the same type as those built earlier over the Yellow River in Luoyang and Zhengzhou. Kaifeng Bridge has obtained an optimized design scheme, with its construction cost reduced and schedule shortened. The main characteristics of the bridge are as follows:
FIGURE 63.4 Kaifeng Yellow River Bridge.
-
-
- Adoption of partial prestress concrete in the design of T-girder;
- Modification of the beams over central piers as prestressed concrete structure;
- Increase in the continuous length of the deck reaching 450 m.
-
The bridge was designed by Highway Planning, Survey and Design Institute of Henan Province, and constructed by Highway Engineering Bureau of Henan Province. It was opened in 1989.
Xuzhuangzi Overcrossing
Xuzhuangzi Overcrossing (Figure 63.5), a long bell-mouth interchange grade crossing on the freeway connecting Beijing-Tianjin and Tangshan, is a main entrance to the city of Tianjin.
The overcrossing has a total length of 4264 m. The superstructure consists of simply supported prestressed concrete T-griders and multispan continuous box girders. The 1.5-m-diameter bored piles and invested trapezoidal piers are adopted for the substructure.
lt;
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Beam Bridges
General Description
Simple in structure, convenient to fabricate and erect, easy to maintain, and with less construction time and low cost, beam structures have found wide application in short- to medium-span bridges. In 1937, over the Qiantang River, in the city of Hangzhou, a railway-highway bipurpose bridge was erected , with a total length of 1453 m, the longest span being 67 m. When completed, it was a remarkable milestone of the beam bridge designed and built by Chinese engineers themselves.
Reinforced concrete beam structures are most commonly used for short- to medium-span bridges. A representative masterpiece is the Rong River Bridge completed in 1964 in the city of Nanning, the capital of Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region. The bridge, with a main span of 55 m and a cross section of a thin-walled box with continuous cells, designed in accordance with closed thin- walled member theory, is the first of its kind in China.
Prestressed concrete beam bridges are a new type of structure. China began to research and develop their construction in the 1950s. In early 1956, a simply supported prestressed concrete beam railway bridge with a main span of 23.9 m was erected over the Xinyi River along the Longhai Railway. Completed at the same time, the first prestressed concrete highway bridge was the Jingzhou Highway Bridge. The longest simply supported prestressed concrete beam which reaches 62 m in span is the Feiyun River Bridge in Ruanrsquo;an, Zhejiang Province, built in 1988. Another example is the 4475.09-m Yellow River Bridge, built in the city of Kaifeng, Henan Province in 1989. Its 77 spans are 50-m simply supported prestressed concrete beams and its continuous deck extends to 450 m. It is also noticeable that the Kaifeng Yellow River Bridge is designed on the basis of partially prestressed concrete theory. Representative of prestressed concrete continuous girder railway bridges, the second Qiantang River Bridge (completed in 1991) boasts its large span and its great length, its main span being 80 m long and continuous over 18 spans. Its erection was an arduous task as the piers were subjected to a wave height of 1.96 m and a tidal pressure of 32 kPa when under construction. The extensive construction of continuous beam bridges has led to the appli- cation of the incremental launching method especially to straight and plane curved bridges. In addition, large capacity (500-t) floating crane installation and movable slip forms as well as span erection schemes have also attained remarkable advancement.
Beam bridges are also used widely in overcrossings. In the 1980s, with the growth of urban construction and the development of highway transportation, numerous elevated freeways were built, which provide great traffic capacity and allow high vehicle speed, for instance, Beijingrsquo;s Second and Third Freeway and East City Freeway, the Intermediate and Outer Freeway in Tianjin, and Guangzhoursquo;s Inner and Outer Freeway and viaduct. In Shanghai, the elevated inner beltway was completed in 1996. Subsequently, there has appeared an upsurge of erecting different-sized grade separation structures on urban main streets and express highways. Uutil now, in Beijing alone, 80-odd large overcrossings have been erected, which makes the city rank the first in the whole country in number and scale.
To optimize the bridge configuration, to reduce the peak moment value at supports, and to minimize the constructional depth of girders, V-shaped or Y-shaped piers are developed for pre- stressed concrete continuous beam, cantilever, or rigid frame bridges. The prominent examples are the Zhongxiao Bridge (1981) in Taiwan Province and the Lijiang Bridge (1987) at Zhishan in the city of Guilin.
Examples of Beam Bridges
Kaifeng Yellow River Bridge
Kaifeng Yellow River Bridge (Figure 63.4) is an extra large highway bridge, located at the northwest part of Kaifeng City, Henan Province. It consists of 108 spans (77 50 31 20) m, its total length reaching 4475.09 m.
Simply supported prestressed concrete T-girders are adopted for its superstructure. The deck is
-
- m wide, including 12.3 m for motor vehicle traffic and two sidewalks 3.1 m wide each on both sides. Substructure applies single-row double-column piers, which rest on 2200-mm large-diameter bored pile foundations.
The bridge is of the same type as those built earlier over the Yellow River in Luoyang and Zhengzhou. Kaifeng Bridge has obtained an optimized design scheme, with its construction cost reduced and schedule shortened. The main characteristics of the bridge are as follows:
FIGURE 63.4 Kaifeng Yellow River Bridge.
-
-
- Adoption of partial prestress concrete in the design of T-girder;
- Modification of the beams over central piers as prestressed concrete structure;
- Increase in the continuous length of the deck reaching 450 m.
-
The bridge was designed by Highway Planning, Survey and Design Institute of Henan Province, and constructed by Highway Engineering Bureau of Henan Province. It was opened in 1989.
Xuzhuangzi Overcrossing
Xuzhuangzi Overcrossing (Figure 63.5), a long bell-mouth interchange grade crossing on the freeway connecting Beijing-Tianjin and Tangshan, is a main entrance to the city of Tianjin.
The overcrossing has a total length of 4264 m. The superstructure consists of simply supported prestressed concrete T-griders and multispan continuous box girders. The 1.5-m-diameter bored piles and invested trapezoidal piers are adopted for the substructure.
lt;
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