Food
ISSN: 2157-7110
n
Processing amp; Technology
Rais and Sheoran, J Food Process Technol 2015, 6:3 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7110.1000427
Research Article Open Access
Scope of Supply Chain Management in Fruits and Vegetables in India
Rais M1* and Sheoran A2
1CSIR-National Institute of Science, Technology and Development Studies, Pusa Gate, KS Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, India
2Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
Abstract
India is the world largest producer of many fruits and vegetables but there still exist huge gap between per capita demand and supply due to enormous waste during post-harvest storage and handling caused by improper bagging without crating, lack of temperature controlled vehicles, unavailability of cold chain facilities in various parts of country for preserving the produce, along with significant processing of the agricultural produce which results in immense losses to the nation. Hence a proper supply chain management in fruits and vegetables has to be improved in all the stages of the supply by adopting best global practices in storage, packaging, handling, transportation, value added service etc to meet the countryrsquo;s demand of fruits and vegetables. As per this paper important drawbacks of the current supply chain are high level of wastage, quality degradation, poor infrastructural facilities and high cost. Government and private operators have to join hands to improve the physical infrastructure, information sharing and the service required for quality improvement of the supply chain.
Keywords: Fruits and vegetables; India; Wastage; Supply chain management
Introduction
India is the worldrsquo;s largest producer of many fresh fruits and vegetables, milk, major spices, fresh meat, few fibrous crops such as jute, several staples such as millets, castor oil seed etc. and ranked amongst the worldrsquo;s five largest producers of over 80% agricultural produce items, including many cash crops such as coffee and cotton [1]. Table 1 shows Production Share of major fruits and vegetables in World and Table 2 shows the ranking of India in world of the major fruits and vegetables. Indiarsquo;s vast geographical area coupled with varied climate conditions facilitates to grow a variety of fruits and vegetables.
India produced around 81.285 MT fruits and 162.187 MTs of vegetables which accounts for nearly 14.0% of countryrsquo;s share in the world production of vegetables. Although, more than 70 types of vegetables are grown in our country, higher emphasis is given to more popular vegetables like tomato, brinjal, chilli, cauliflower, cabbage, peas, potatoes, onions and few common cucurbits and leafy vegetables. These also generate high income and employment, particularly for small farmers. Among the vegetables, potato is cultivated over large area followed by onion, tomato and brinjal whereas, in the case of production potato ranks first followed by tomato, onion and brinjal. Though India has lot many positives in the vegetable production and marketing sector, it has several disadvantages too. The country lacks an
Commodities |
||||
Vegetables |
India Ranks |
Fruits |
India Ranks |
|
Brinjal |
2 |
Apple |
10 |
|
Cabbage |
2 |
Banana |
1 |
|
Cauliflower |
2 |
Lemon |
2 |
|
Onion |
2 |
Citrus Fruits |
8 |
|
Peas |
1 |
Orange |
4 |
|
Tomato |
6 |
Grapes |
16 |
|
Potato |
3 |
Mango |
1 |
|
Sweet Potato |
9 |
Papaya |
5 |
|
Lettuce |
5 |
Pineapple |
5 |
|
Pumpkins/Gourda |
2 |
|||
Beans |
6 |
|||
Cassava |
8 |
efficient supply chain for the distribution of the fruits and vegetables. Supply chain management plays an integral role in keeping business costs minimum and profitability as high as possible. There are many factors involved in supply chain management of which flow is one of the most important factor. Flow includes the product flow, the information flow and the finances flow. The product flow includes the movement of goods from a supplier to a customer, as well as any customer returns or service needs. The information flow involves transmitting orders and updating the status of delivery and the finance flow includes all the financial aspect such as invoices and payments. The present challenge in supply chain management is to maintain all three flows in an efficient manner, resulting in optimal results for farmers, growers, wholesalers and customers.
Table 1: Production Share of major fruits and vegetables in World [1].
Table 2: Ranking of India in production of fruits and vegetables in World [7].
Commodities |
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<stro 剩余内容已隐藏,支付完成后下载完整资料</stro 印度果蔬供应链管理的范围 Rais M1* and Sheoran A2,Surface Science, 2015,06(3):603-623. 1 CSIR-国家科学技术与发展研究所,Pusa Gate,KS Krishnan Marg,新德里,印度 2 Birla科技学院土木工程系,Pilani,Rajasthan,印度 摘要 印度是世界上许多水果和蔬菜的最大生产国,但由于装箱不合格而造成的收获后储存和处理造成的巨大浪费,人均需求和供应仍然存在巨大差距,没有装箱,缺乏温度控制的车辆,无法获得冷藏连锁设施在国家各地保存产品,以及对农产品的大量加工,给全国造成巨大损失。因此,通过采用最佳的全球存储,包装,运输,运输,增值服务等措施,水果和蔬菜的供应链管理必须在供应的所有阶段得到改善,以满足国家对水果和蔬菜的需求。按照本文,目前供应链的重要缺点是浪费水平高,质量下降,基础设施差,成本高昂。政府和私营运营商必须共同努力,改善供应链质量所需的物质基础设施,信息共享和服务。 关键词:水果蔬菜; 印度; 浪费; 供应链管理 简介 印度是世界上许多新鲜水果和蔬菜最大的生产国,牛奶,鲜肉,少量纤维作物,如黄麻,几种主食,如米勒,蓖麻油种子等,并列世界五大最大生产国之一的农产品,包括许多经济作物,如咖啡和棉花[1]。表1显示了世界主要水果和蔬菜的生产份额,表2显示了印度主要水果和蔬菜世界的排名。印度广阔的地理区域加上不同的气候条件有助于种植各种水果和蔬菜。 印度生产了81.285万吨水果和162.187吨蔬菜,占世界蔬菜生产份额的近14.0%。 虽然我国种植了70多种蔬菜,但更为重视更受欢迎的蔬菜,如番茄,茄子,辣椒,菜花,卷心菜,豌豆,马铃薯,洋葱,少数葫芦和叶菜。这些也产生高收入和就业,特别是小农户。在蔬菜中,马铃薯大面积栽培,其次是洋葱,番茄和茄子,而在生产马铃薯的情况下,马铃薯排在第一位,其次是番茄,洋葱和茄子。 虽然印度在蔬菜生产和销售部门有许多积极因素,但也有几个缺点。该国缺乏有效的水果和蔬菜分销供应链。供应链管理在保持业务成本最小化和盈利能力尽可能高的方面发挥不可或缺的作用。供应链管理有很多因素,其中流动是最重要的因素之一。流程包括产品流程,信息流程和财务流程。产品流程包括从供应商到客户的货物流动以及任何客户退货或服务需求。信息流包括传输订单和更新交货状态,财务流程包括所有财务方面,如发票和付款。供应链管理面临的当前挑战是以有效的方式维持所有三个流程,为农民,种植者,批发商和客户带来最佳效果。
表1:世界主要水果和蔬菜的生产份额[1]
表2:印度在世界水果和蔬菜生产中的排名[7] 印度水果蔬菜生产场景 印度人口水果和蔬菜的人均可用性相当低,因为收获后的损失占生产的25%至30%。表2显示了2010年,2015年和2020年2010年作为基准年的印度水果和蔬菜的预期国内需求。此外,到达消费者的时候,相当数量的产品的质量也恶化。大多数涉及水果和蔬菜营销的问题都可以追溯到其易腐性。易腐败负责高营销成本,市场大涨,价格波动等类似问题。水果和蔬菜生产增长约4%,但生产面积也大幅增加,导致每公顷生产量下降。表3显示了印度不同州的各种水果和蔬菜的总产量以及2013-14年的生产面积。这种现象是由于经济和技术因素导致种族的各种因素造成的。国家需要向生产者教育最新的技术,并通过给予支持来获得这些技术,并帮助他们获得适当的供应链管理,该国应该在那里帮助防止对农民的剥削和增加收入。 收获后损失及其预防措施 水果和蔬菜行业在全球销量和产量不断增长。收入增加,运输成本下降,技术改进和国际协议不断发展,都对这一增长水平做出了贡献。但是,水果和蔬菜生产水平的提高不符合供应链管理的发展,也没有与许多发展中国家的生产与加工的垂直整合。 加工活动对水果和蔬菜行业的扩张和多样化至关重要,因为它们增加了新鲜水果和蔬菜的市场机会,增加了价值,同时尽量减少了收获后的损失。此外,通过加工增加农民收入,发展农村就业和外汇来提高水果蔬菜生产系统的生存力,盈利能力和可持续性。
表3:印度水果和蔬菜的预测国内需求[1] 传统加工技术如加工(装瓶和装罐),冷冻,脱水(盐渍,盐渍和糖果)干燥和发酵,广泛应用于各个水平(手工,中等和高级)和水垢(水果和蔬菜)小屋,小,中,大)。热带果汁和水果纸,罐装菠萝,番茄酱和罐头和干蘑菇是使用传统加工技术生产并且越来越多地进入国际贸易的水果和蔬菜产品的例子。在中国生产的干蘑菇和蘑菇目前占加工蘑菇世界贸易量的52%,泰国生产的菠菜罐头菠萝占世界贸易中约45%。 针对发达国家和发展中国家市场的水果和蔬菜的保存越来越多,专门的包装和自然保护系统越来越多地应用于消费者的便利需求和高质量的“新鲜的”果实。 营养丰富,味道稳定。 这些加工技术的重点是增加价值,相对较少的产品转型,同时提高产品的多样性。 虽然最小和传统的加工技术在水果和蔬菜领域提供了创新和垂直多样化的巨大机会,但相对较少的中小型企业能够利用和受益于这些机会。许多中小企业在目前的全球化市场环境中缺乏竞争力的能力,由于规模不足,投入物品质量差,技术获取不足,技术专长和研究能力有限,生产效率低,营销成本高,缺乏知识 因此无法符合加工产品的国际标准[3]。 印度正在成为全球水果和蔬菜贸易的重要市场 主管农业解决方案提供全方位服务咨询暨供应链解决方案公司,涵盖印度水果和蔬菜贸易领域的全部食品和农业部门以及次级行业。
有能力的农业解决方案提供创新的农场到市场供应链解决方案,在新鲜,冷冻,鲜切和脱水的水果和蔬菜的零售和批发部门其客户是成立的企业,农业初创企业和希望多元化或进入印度新鲜农产品的海外公司贸易或设立易腐产品零售连锁店。该公司还提供采购和市场协助,包括商品和机械/设备,组织零售,食品加工公司和个人,以及作为诸如批发生产市场,食品园区和冷链举措等大型基础设施项目的技术咨询和项目咨询,由印度政府机构如NHB,MOFPI,NHM,NABARD等。主管农业解决方案还参与项目规划,向市场推出新产品,并且还参与连接生产新鲜农产品的小村庄,从而为大型保险市场,特别是有组织的零售商提供服务。这有助于农民增加收入,切断中产阶级,提高生产力,降低生产成本,除了生产更优质的水果和蔬菜,因为整个供应链处理量的减少/改善[4]<!-- 剩余内容已隐藏,支付完成后下载完整资料 资料编号:[484628],资料为PDF文档或Word文档,PDF文档可免费转换为Word |
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